發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-22 23:23

【摘要】：生物多樣性為人類提供了豐富的生活資源和必要的生存環(huán)境。煤礦露天開(kāi)采造成礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞及生物多樣性喪失,但目前尚未形成基于生物多樣性恢復(fù)的土地復(fù)墾技術(shù)體系。為加速礦區(qū)生物多樣性恢復(fù),提高復(fù)墾生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性,本研究以黃土丘陵區(qū)平朔露天煤礦為例,總結(jié)現(xiàn)有土地復(fù)墾經(jīng)驗(yàn),根據(jù)生物多樣性恢復(fù)的基本方法,嘗試從礦區(qū)生境再造和景觀格局優(yōu)化兩方面探討生物多樣性恢復(fù)的技術(shù)與方法。研究結(jié)果表明:生境再造與景觀格局優(yōu)化是礦區(qū)生物多樣性恢復(fù)的重要手段;優(yōu)化排土場(chǎng)平臺(tái)、邊坡形態(tài),提倡建立仿自然地貌;采用有利于土壤生物多樣性恢復(fù)的土壤重構(gòu)技術(shù);進(jìn)行植被重建是礦區(qū)生物多樣性恢復(fù)的重要環(huán)節(jié),并為其他生態(tài)因子恢復(fù)提供生境;建立生態(tài)源地和生態(tài)廊道;實(shí)施生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式,進(jìn)行生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)景觀結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:Biodiversity provides rich living resources and necessary living environment for human beings. Coal mine opencast mining causes ecological environment damage and biodiversity loss in mining area, but at present, the land reclamation technology system based on biodiversity restoration has not yet been formed. In order to accelerate the restoration of biodiversity in mining area and improve the stability of reclamation ecosystem, this study takes Pingshuo opencast coal mine in loess hilly region as an example, summarizes the existing experience of land reclamation, and according to the basic methods of biodiversity restoration, This paper attempts to explore the techniques and methods of biodiversity restoration from two aspects: habitat reconstruction and landscape pattern optimization. The results show that habitat reconstruction and landscape pattern optimization are important means to restore biodiversity in mining area, optimize dump platform, slope shape and advocate the establishment of imitating natural geomorphology. Using soil reconstruction technology which is beneficial to the restoration of soil biodiversity, vegetation reconstruction is an important link of biodiversity restoration in mining area, and provides habitat for the restoration of other ecological factors, and establishes ecological source and ecological corridor. Carry out the production mode of ecological agriculture and optimize the landscape structure of ecological agriculture.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)土地科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院;國(guó)土資源部土地整治重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)土資源部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目資助(編號(hào):201411017)
【分類號(hào)】：TD824.8;TD88

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