【摘要】：在礦區(qū)開采和復(fù)墾過程中大型機(jī)械的使用產(chǎn)生了土壤壓實(shí),并嚴(yán)重?cái)_動(dòng)了土壤內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),土壤孔隙作為土壤水氣交換的重要場(chǎng)所決定著土壤水分和空氣狀況,進(jìn)而影響復(fù)墾土壤質(zhì)量與肥力。本文采用先進(jìn)的CT技術(shù)對(duì)平朔礦區(qū)安太堡露天煤礦內(nèi)排土場(chǎng)不同壓實(shí)程度(重度壓實(shí)、較重度壓實(shí)、中度壓實(shí)、輕度壓實(shí))以及未采礦區(qū)的土壤進(jìn)行分層掃描,依據(jù)VGstudio軟件對(duì)土壤孔隙分布進(jìn)行三維可視化重建,同時(shí)依據(jù)Linux虛擬系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)中QuantIm編程軟件進(jìn)行土壤孔隙三維體積、表面積、平均曲率以及連通度等參數(shù)計(jì)算提取,并結(jié)合土壤孔隙大小、數(shù)量及孔隙度等參數(shù)對(duì)壓實(shí)土壤孔隙進(jìn)行定量表征,借此進(jìn)一步分析機(jī)械壓實(shí)對(duì)土壤孔隙的影響作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明:(1)CT掃描作為先進(jìn)的微觀介質(zhì)定量化研究方法可以快速準(zhǔn)確獲取土壤孔隙分布特征信息,依據(jù)掃描圖片可實(shí)現(xiàn)孔隙分布的三維重建以及定量表征。(2)土壤孔隙三維體積、表面積及平均曲率密度與不同土層貫入阻力呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,而土壤孔隙三維連通度密度及歐拉數(shù)與貫入阻力呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。(3)壓實(shí)土壤孔隙三維參數(shù)特性之間具有較好的相關(guān)性,相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.786~1.000之間,可以從不同的角度反映機(jī)械壓實(shí)對(duì)土壤孔隙造成的影響。(4)隨著壓實(shí)強(qiáng)度的增大,不同樣點(diǎn)及不同土層深度的孔隙度和孔隙數(shù)量基本呈減小的趨勢(shì),大孔隙受機(jī)械壓實(shí)作用影響最大,中孔隙次之,小孔隙最小。(5)在重度壓實(shí)程度下,小孔隙數(shù)量較少,導(dǎo)致土壤孔隙三維表面積密度值較小,而輕度壓實(shí)下,小孔隙數(shù)量較多,孔隙三維表面積密度值較大;壓實(shí)導(dǎo)致大孔隙被填入小孔隙,凸毛孔較少,且大都呈水平方向,進(jìn)而孔隙三維平均曲率較低;在重度壓實(shí)程度下,完全隔離孔隙較多,導(dǎo)致孔隙連通度最差,且其值也最大,輕度壓實(shí)區(qū)則相反。本研究可為黃土區(qū)露天煤礦排土場(chǎng)復(fù)墾工作和壓實(shí)問題的有效解決提供理論基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the process of mining and reclamation, the use of large machinery has produced soil compaction and seriously disturbed the internal structure of soil. Soil pores, as an important place for soil water and gas exchange, determine the condition of soil moisture and air. And then affect the quality and fertility of reclaimed soil. In this paper, advanced CT technology is used to scan the soil in Antaibao opencast coal mine in Pingshuo mining area with different compaction degrees (severe compaction, moderate compaction, mild compaction) and soil in unmining area. The 3D visualization reconstruction of soil pore distribution is carried out according to VGstudio software, and the parameters such as soil pore volume, surface area, average curvature and connectivity are calculated and extracted according to QuantIm programming software in Linux virtual system platform. Combined with the parameters of soil pore size, quantity and porosity, the compacted soil pores were quantitatively characterized, and the mechanism of mechanical compaction on soil pores was further analyzed. The results show that: (1) as an advanced quantitative research method of microscopic media, CT scanning can obtain the characteristic information of soil pore distribution quickly and accurately. According to the scanning images, the three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative characterization of pore distribution can be realized. (2) the three-dimensional volume, surface area and average curvature density of soil pores are negatively correlated with the penetration resistance of different soil layers. However, the three-dimensional connectivity density and Euler number of soil pores were positively correlated with penetration resistance. (3) there was a good correlation between the three-dimensional parameters of compacted soil pores, and the correlation coefficient was 0.786 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2483011