【摘要】：離子型稀土原地浸礦過程中浸礦液不斷注入礦體內(nèi),礦物顆粒發(fā)生遷移和離子交換,使礦體顆粒級(jí)配發(fā)生變化,改變礦體結(jié)構(gòu),導(dǎo)致礦體強(qiáng)度弱化,從而引發(fā)礦體滑坡。研究浸礦過程中礦體結(jié)構(gòu)和礦體強(qiáng)度的變化規(guī)律,對分析礦體邊坡穩(wěn)定性具有指導(dǎo)意義。本文通過常水頭柱浸試驗(yàn),研究兩種不同浸礦方式對礦體顆粒級(jí)配和滲透系數(shù)的影響,確定對礦體結(jié)構(gòu)影響小的浸礦方式;運(yùn)用GDS應(yīng)力路徑三軸儀測定3%的硫酸銨溶液浸礦前后礦樣的黏聚力,同時(shí)采用直剪儀測定浸礦前后礦樣的內(nèi)摩擦角,對比浸礦前礦樣與尾礦的黏聚力和內(nèi)摩擦角,分析浸礦對礦體強(qiáng)度的影響;根據(jù)試驗(yàn)礦塊的簡化邊坡模型,運(yùn)用Geo-studio軟件計(jì)算簡化邊坡模型的臨界浸潤線和邊坡安全系數(shù),通過現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了通過臨界浸潤線監(jiān)測邊坡穩(wěn)定性的可行性。通過以上工作,得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)通過柱浸試驗(yàn)研究浸礦對礦體滲透系數(shù)和顆粒級(jí)配的影響,結(jié)果表明顆粒遷移對礦體結(jié)構(gòu)的影響大于離子交換的影響;直接用硫酸銨溶液浸礦對礦體結(jié)構(gòu)影響更小。(2)浸礦明顯降低礦體強(qiáng)度,浸礦后由滲流入口到滲流出口礦體強(qiáng)度逐漸降低。離子交換反應(yīng)引起的礦物成分改變和水膜厚度增加是降低礦體黏聚力的主要因素,使黏聚力降低50%以上;顆粒級(jí)配變化是影響礦體內(nèi)摩擦角的主要因素,浸礦使內(nèi)摩擦角增大約15%。(3)通過數(shù)值模擬得出依據(jù)臨界浸潤線監(jiān)測邊坡穩(wěn)定性的簡易方法。即當(dāng)由臨界浸潤線計(jì)算得出的礦層飽和區(qū)域面積與現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測浸潤線計(jì)算得出的礦層飽和區(qū)域面積相差±10%以內(nèi),則認(rèn)為礦山處于破壞失穩(wěn)的臨界狀態(tài),此時(shí)應(yīng)調(diào)節(jié)注液強(qiáng)度,控制注液,防止發(fā)生滑坡,保證采礦安全。
[Abstract]:In the process of ion rare earth in situ leaching, the leaching solution is continuously injected into the orebody, and the mineral particles migrate and ion exchange, which changes the grain gradation of the orebody, changes the structure of the orebody, leads to the weakening of the strength of the orebody, and thus leads to the landslide of the orebody. The study on the variation of orebody structure and orebody strength in the process of ore leaching is of guiding significance for the analysis of orebody slope stability. In this paper, the effects of two different leaching methods on the particle gradation and permeability coefficient of orebodies are studied through the leaching test of normal head column, and the leaching methods with little influence on the structure of orebodies are determined. The cohesion of ore samples before and after leaching with 3% ammonium sulfate solution was measured by GDS stress path triaxial instrument, and the internal friction angle of ore samples before and after leaching was measured by direct shear meter, and the cohesion and internal friction angle between ore samples and tailings before and after leaching were compared. The influence of ore leaching on the strength of orebody is analyzed. According to the simplified slope model of the test block, the critical infiltration line and slope safety factor of the simplified slope model are calculated by Geo-studio software, and the feasibility of monitoring slope stability by critical infiltration line is verified by the field monitoring results. Through the above work, the main conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) the influence of leaching ore on the permeability coefficient and particle gradation of orebody is studied by column leaching test. The results show that the influence of particle migration on orebody structure is greater than that of ion exchange; Direct leaching with ammonium sulfate solution has less effect on the structure of orebody. (2) leaching obviously reduces the strength of orebody, and after leaching, the strength of orebody decreases gradually from the entrance of seepage to the outlet of seepage. The change of mineral composition and the increase of water film thickness caused by ion exchange reaction are the main factors to reduce the cohesion of orebody and reduce the cohesion by more than 50%. The change of particle size is the main factor affecting the internal friction angle of orebody, and the internal friction angle is increased by about 15% by leaching. (3) A simple method to monitor slope stability according to critical infiltration line is obtained by numerical simulation. That is to say, when the area of saturated area calculated by critical infiltration line is less than 鹵10% different from that calculated by field monitoring infiltration line, it is considered that the mine is in the critical state of failure and instability, and the intensity of liquid injection should be adjusted at this time. Control liquid injection, prevent landslide and ensure mining safety.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD955

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