【摘要】：我國煤礦開采深度在逐年增加,中東部一些礦井已經(jīng)進(jìn)入深部開采。深部礦井面臨更為復(fù)雜的開采環(huán)境,尤其是巷道支護(hù)難題日益凸顯。其中,高地應(yīng)力是造成深部巷道變形破壞嚴(yán)重的重要因素,嚴(yán)重影響礦井的安全生產(chǎn)和高產(chǎn)高效,高地應(yīng)力巷道圍巖控制已經(jīng)成為深部開采亟需解決的難題。因此,研究高地應(yīng)力巷道圍巖破壞特征及控制對深部開采具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。本文在對高地應(yīng)力巷道變形破壞現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上,采用理論研究、相似材料模擬試驗相結(jié)合的研究方法,分析了深部高地應(yīng)力巷道圍巖變形破壞的影響因素、破壞特點及變形破壞機(jī)理,介紹了巷道錨桿支護(hù)理論及支護(hù)機(jī)理,研究了高地應(yīng)力圓形、矩形兩種斷面巷道圍巖破壞特征,采用目前高地應(yīng)力巷道常用的支護(hù)方式進(jìn)行支護(hù)效果對比,并給出了一些補(bǔ)強(qiáng)和支護(hù)的建議。主要得出如下結(jié)論:(1)研究了λ1狀態(tài)下高地應(yīng)力圓形巷道圍巖破壞特征。在巷道開挖后,兩幫圍巖表面形成的切向應(yīng)力集中超過其強(qiáng)度而發(fā)生剪切破壞,受上、下剪切滑移裂隙交匯切割,兩幫圍巖呈“楔形”破壞區(qū)域;剪切滑移裂隙延伸至頂板并相互交匯使頂板出現(xiàn)塊狀冒落,并呈現(xiàn)“月牙狀”;剪切滑移裂隙延伸至底板并沿底板層理面發(fā)育,底板破壞呈現(xiàn)“盆底”狀。(2)圓形巖層巷道采用錨網(wǎng)索噴的支護(hù)方式,與裸巷的破壞范圍和頂?shù)装遄冃瘟窟M(jìn)行了對比。得出頂板下沉量減小13.3mm,底板底鼓量減小3.8mm,兩幫破壞范圍減小約30mm。錨網(wǎng)索噴支護(hù)有效控制了巷道圍巖的變形破壞,支護(hù)效果較好。(3)研究了λ1狀態(tài)下高地應(yīng)力矩形巷道圍巖破壞特征。在巷道開挖后,頂?shù)捉翘幮纬傻膽?yīng)力集中超過其強(qiáng)度而發(fā)生剪切破壞,隨后兩幫圍巖出現(xiàn)片幫,并呈“弧形”片落;頂板下沉撓度增大,出現(xiàn)拉伸破斷和離層現(xiàn)象;底板在水平擠壓應(yīng)力作用下發(fā)生剪切錯動并出現(xiàn)離層。(4)矩形煤層巷道采用錨梁網(wǎng)索的支護(hù)方式,與裸巷的破壞范圍和頂?shù)装遄冃瘟窟M(jìn)行了對比。得出頂板下沉量減小27.7mm,底板底鼓量減小3.9mm,兩幫破壞范圍減小約70mm。錨梁網(wǎng)索支護(hù)有效控制了巷道圍巖的變形破壞,支護(hù)效果較好。
[Abstract]:The mining depth of coal mines in China is increasing year by year, and some mines in central and eastern China have entered deep mining. Deep mines are facing more complex mining environment, especially the difficult problem of roadway support is becoming more and more prominent. Among them, high ground stress is an important factor causing serious deformation and failure of deep roadway, which seriously affects the safety of mine production and high yield and high efficiency. The control of surrounding rock of high ground stress roadway has become an urgent problem to be solved in deep mining. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the failure characteristics and control of surrounding rock in high ground stress roadway for deep mining. Based on the investigation of the present situation of deformation and failure of high ground stress roadway, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of surrounding rock deformation and failure of deep high ground stress roadway by means of theoretical research and similar material simulation test. The failure characteristics and deformation failure mechanism are introduced, the theory and supporting mechanism of roadway bolt support are introduced, and the failure characteristics of surrounding rock of roadway with high ground stress circle and rectangle section are studied. The supporting effects of high ground stress roadway are compared, and some suggestions for reinforcement and support are given. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the failure characteristics of surrounding rock of high ground stress circular roadway under 位 1 state are studied. After roadway excavation, the shear failure occurs because the tangential stress concentration on the surface of the two sides of surrounding rock exceeds its strength, and the two sides of surrounding rock are cut by the intersection of upper and lower shear slip cracks, and the two sides of surrounding rock are in the form of "cuneiform" failure area. The shear slip crack extends to the roof and intersects with each other, resulting in massive caving of the roof, and presents a "crescent shape". The shear slip crack extends to the floor and develops along the floor layer, and the failure of the floor is "basin bottom". (2) the circular roadway is supported by anchor mesh cable spray, which is compared with the failure range of the bare roadway and the deformation of the top and bottom plate. It is concluded that the subsidence of the roof is reduced by 13.3 mm, the bottom drum of the bottom plate is reduced by 3.8 mm, and the failure range of the two sides is reduced by about 30 mm. Anchor, mesh, cable and shotcrete support can effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rock of roadway, and the supporting effect is good. (3) the failure characteristics of surrounding rock of rectangular roadway with high ground stress under 位 1 state are studied. After roadway excavation, the stress concentration at the top and bottom angle exceeds its strength and shear failure occurs, and then the two sides of surrounding rock appear as "arc" sheet fall, and the subsidence and deflection of roof increases, and the phenomenon of tensile fracture and layer separation occurs. Shear dislocation and separation of floor occur under the action of horizontal extrusion stress. (4) the supporting mode of anchor beam mesh cable is adopted in rectangular coal seam roadway, which is compared with the failure range of bare roadway and the deformation of roof and floor. The results show that the subsidence of the roof is reduced by 27.7 mm, the bottom drum of the bottom plate is reduced by 3.9 mm, and the failure range of the two sides is reduced by about 70 mm. Anchor beam, mesh and cable support can effectively control the deformation and failure of surrounding rock of roadway, and the supporting effect is good.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD353

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