氯化鈉對氯化鉀正浮選過程的影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-27 06:08
【摘要】：氯化鉀是工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中至關(guān)重要的原料,青海柴達(dá)木盆地鹽湖是我國氯化鉀生產(chǎn)的主要來源之一。隨著生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的不斷擴(kuò)大,造成了高品位鉀礦的過度消耗,伴生的雜鹽對氯化鉀浮選回收率及產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量影響更加嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致實(shí)際生產(chǎn)能力下降。許多學(xué)者對此做了大量的研究,但對于雜鹽氯化鈉顆粒如何影響氯化鉀的浮選及其浮出原因還存在一定爭議。在這種情況下,研究氯化鈉顆粒隨氯化鉀浮出的行為以及如何弱化氯化鈉的影響,有助于進(jìn)一步地明確鹽湖鉀鹽的浮選機(jī)理,增加實(shí)際鉀鹽浮選的生產(chǎn)能力。本文考察了Na~+及氯化鈉顆粒對氯化鉀浮選的影響規(guī)律,在機(jī)理上從光鹵石水解和浮選體系流體狀態(tài)兩個(gè)方面探究氯化鈉浮出的原因,并從工藝上嘗試使用超聲波等方法調(diào)控光鹵石的水解及氯化鈉/氯化鉀的浮出過程。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)考察了雜鹽離子Na~+及雜鹽顆粒氯化鈉對氯化鉀的浮選回收率的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明Na~+對氯化鉀的浮選幾乎沒有影響,而物料中的氯化鈉顆粒會使氯化鉀的回收率降低。(2)采用掃描電鏡和能譜考察了光鹵石水解后晶體的生長狀態(tài),并將其作為物料進(jìn)行浮選。結(jié)果表明氯化鉀和氯化鈉晶體在析出時(shí)相互粘附,使得十八胺鹽酸鹽對氯化鉀的選擇性變差,從而導(dǎo)致氯化鈉的浮出和氯化鉀回收率的降低。此外,實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)流體狀態(tài)對于浮選過程的影響極大,因此文中考察了改變通氣量以調(diào)控氯化鉀和氯化鈉浮選回收率的方法及效果,微浮選管的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明通氣量較小時(shí),兩種顆粒的回收率隨著通氣量的增加而增大;而通氣量增加到40ml/min之后,氯化鈉的回收率繼續(xù)增加而氯化鉀的回收率基本穩(wěn)定。因此表明通氣量的值選擇40ml/min時(shí)氯化鈉的影響最小。(3)使用超聲波方法調(diào)控光鹵石的水解,證明超聲波能夠減少氯化鉀和氯化鈉顆粒的粘附,因此在浮選時(shí)減少了氯化鈉顆粒的浮出,減弱了氯化鈉顆粒對氯化鉀浮選的影響。此外,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明超聲波能夠使氯化鉀顆粒表面粗糙,增強(qiáng)氣泡與顆粒之間的附著力,從而使得氯化鉀顆粒的可浮性增強(qiáng),回收率由7.55%增加為46.66%。超聲波也能夠促進(jìn)ODA在氯化鉀飽和液中的分散,增強(qiáng)ODA與氯化鉀的作用,使得回收率由20.84%增大到94.24%。(4)鑒于流體狀態(tài)對浮選效果存在很明顯的影響,本文嘗試從動力學(xué)方面對流體狀態(tài)的影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行探討。結(jié)果表明氯化鉀的浮選與二級動力學(xué)模型擬合良好,動力學(xué)模型公式為ε=t/(1.05t+1.25),而氯化鈉的浮選則是與三參數(shù)快慢浮兩速率常數(shù)模型擬合度較好,其動力學(xué)模型公式為ε=0.9954e~(-0.00015t)+0.0046e~(-1.4085)。動力學(xué)的理論分析表明,減少快浮顆粒的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)能夠減少氯化鈉的浮出,因此實(shí)際中應(yīng)減小通氣量來減弱流體的挾裹。本研究能夠?yàn)閷?shí)際中減弱雜鹽氯化鈉對氯化鉀浮選的影響提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important raw material in industrial and agricultural production. The salt lake in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province is one of the main sources of potassium chloride production in China. With the continuous expansion of production scale, the excessive consumption of high-grade potash ore is caused, and the associated mixed salt has more serious influence on the recovery rate and product quality of potassium chloride flotation, which leads to the decrease of actual production capacity. Many scholars have done a lot of research on it, but there is still some controversy about how the mixed salt sodium chloride particles affect the flotation of potassium chloride and the reason of its floatation. In this case, the study of the floating behavior of sodium chloride particles with potassium chloride and how to weaken the effect of sodium chloride are helpful to further clarify the flotation mechanism of potassium salt in salt lakes and increase the practical production capacity of potassium salt flotation. In this paper, the effects of Na~ and sodium chloride particles on flotation of potassium chloride were investigated, and the reasons for the floatation of sodium chloride were discussed from the aspects of carnallite hydrolysis and the fluid state of flotation system. Ultrasonic wave was used to control the hydrolysis of carnallite and the flotation of sodium chloride / potassium chloride. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of mixed salt ion Na~ and mixed salt particle sodium chloride on the flotation recovery of potassium chloride were investigated. The results showed that Na~ had little effect on the flotation of potassium chloride, but the recovery of potassium chloride could be reduced by sodium chloride particles in the material. (2) the growth state of carnallite hydrolyzed crystal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum. And it is used as material for flotation. The results show that potassium chloride and sodium chloride crystals adhere to each other when they precipitate, which makes the selectivity of octadecylamine hydrochloride to potassium chloride become worse, which leads to the floatation of sodium chloride and the decrease of recovery rate of potassium chloride. In addition, it is found that the fluid state has a great influence on the flotation process. Therefore, the method and effect of changing the aeration rate to regulate the flotation recovery rate of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are investigated in this paper. The experiments of the micro-flotation tube show that the aeration rate is relatively small. The recovery of the two kinds of particles increased with the increase of aeration. After the aeration rate increased to 40ml/min, the recovery of sodium chloride continued to increase and the recovery of potassium chloride remained stable. Therefore, when the aeration value is 40ml/min, the effect of sodium chloride is minimal. (3) the hydrolysis of carnallite is regulated by ultrasonic method, which proves that ultrasonic wave can reduce the adhesion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride particles. Therefore, the floatation of sodium chloride particles is reduced in flotation, and the effect of sodium chloride particles on potassium chloride flotation is weakened. In addition, the experiment shows that ultrasonic wave can make the surface of potassium chloride particles rough and enhance the adhesion between bubbles and particles, so that the floatability of potassium chloride particles can be enhanced. The recovery of potassium chloride particles is increased from 7.55% to 46.66%. Ultrasound can also promote the dispersion of ODA in potassium chloride saturated solution, and enhance the interaction between ODA and potassium chloride, so that the recovery rate increases from 20.84% to 94.24%. (4) in view of the obvious influence of fluid state on flotation effect, This paper attempts to discuss the influence of dynamics on fluid state. The results show that the flotation of potassium chloride is well fitted with the second-order kinetic model, the kinetic model formula is 蔚 = t / (1.05t 1.25), and the flotation of sodium chloride is better than the two-rate constant model of three-parameter floatation. The kinetic model formula is 蔚 = 0.9954e~ (- 0.00015t) 0.0046e~ (- 1.4085). The theoretical analysis of kinetics shows that reducing the mass fraction of the fast floating particles can reduce the floatation of sodium chloride, so the aeration should be reduced in practice to reduce the entrapment of the fluid. This study can provide a theoretical reference for weakening the effect of sodium chloride on flotation of potassium chloride in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD923
本文編號：2466749
[Abstract]:Potassium chloride is an important raw material in industrial and agricultural production. The salt lake in Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province is one of the main sources of potassium chloride production in China. With the continuous expansion of production scale, the excessive consumption of high-grade potash ore is caused, and the associated mixed salt has more serious influence on the recovery rate and product quality of potassium chloride flotation, which leads to the decrease of actual production capacity. Many scholars have done a lot of research on it, but there is still some controversy about how the mixed salt sodium chloride particles affect the flotation of potassium chloride and the reason of its floatation. In this case, the study of the floating behavior of sodium chloride particles with potassium chloride and how to weaken the effect of sodium chloride are helpful to further clarify the flotation mechanism of potassium salt in salt lakes and increase the practical production capacity of potassium salt flotation. In this paper, the effects of Na~ and sodium chloride particles on flotation of potassium chloride were investigated, and the reasons for the floatation of sodium chloride were discussed from the aspects of carnallite hydrolysis and the fluid state of flotation system. Ultrasonic wave was used to control the hydrolysis of carnallite and the flotation of sodium chloride / potassium chloride. The main results are as follows: (1) the effects of mixed salt ion Na~ and mixed salt particle sodium chloride on the flotation recovery of potassium chloride were investigated. The results showed that Na~ had little effect on the flotation of potassium chloride, but the recovery of potassium chloride could be reduced by sodium chloride particles in the material. (2) the growth state of carnallite hydrolyzed crystal was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy spectrum. And it is used as material for flotation. The results show that potassium chloride and sodium chloride crystals adhere to each other when they precipitate, which makes the selectivity of octadecylamine hydrochloride to potassium chloride become worse, which leads to the floatation of sodium chloride and the decrease of recovery rate of potassium chloride. In addition, it is found that the fluid state has a great influence on the flotation process. Therefore, the method and effect of changing the aeration rate to regulate the flotation recovery rate of potassium chloride and sodium chloride are investigated in this paper. The experiments of the micro-flotation tube show that the aeration rate is relatively small. The recovery of the two kinds of particles increased with the increase of aeration. After the aeration rate increased to 40ml/min, the recovery of sodium chloride continued to increase and the recovery of potassium chloride remained stable. Therefore, when the aeration value is 40ml/min, the effect of sodium chloride is minimal. (3) the hydrolysis of carnallite is regulated by ultrasonic method, which proves that ultrasonic wave can reduce the adhesion of potassium chloride and sodium chloride particles. Therefore, the floatation of sodium chloride particles is reduced in flotation, and the effect of sodium chloride particles on potassium chloride flotation is weakened. In addition, the experiment shows that ultrasonic wave can make the surface of potassium chloride particles rough and enhance the adhesion between bubbles and particles, so that the floatability of potassium chloride particles can be enhanced. The recovery of potassium chloride particles is increased from 7.55% to 46.66%. Ultrasound can also promote the dispersion of ODA in potassium chloride saturated solution, and enhance the interaction between ODA and potassium chloride, so that the recovery rate increases from 20.84% to 94.24%. (4) in view of the obvious influence of fluid state on flotation effect, This paper attempts to discuss the influence of dynamics on fluid state. The results show that the flotation of potassium chloride is well fitted with the second-order kinetic model, the kinetic model formula is 蔚 = t / (1.05t 1.25), and the flotation of sodium chloride is better than the two-rate constant model of three-parameter floatation. The kinetic model formula is 蔚 = 0.9954e~ (- 0.00015t) 0.0046e~ (- 1.4085). The theoretical analysis of kinetics shows that reducing the mass fraction of the fast floating particles can reduce the floatation of sodium chloride, so the aeration should be reduced in practice to reduce the entrapment of the fluid. This study can provide a theoretical reference for weakening the effect of sodium chloride on flotation of potassium chloride in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD923
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 胡濟(jì)民;垃圾焚燒過程中重金屬鉛和銅遷移分布特性的研究[D];華東理工大學(xué);2018年
，本文編號：2466749
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