【摘要】：煤礦井下粉塵是煤礦主要的職業(yè)病危害因素,隨著煤炭生產(chǎn)機(jī)械化程度和生產(chǎn)效率大幅提升,井下產(chǎn)塵量不斷提高,幾十年來,我國(guó)對(duì)煤礦防塵技術(shù)進(jìn)行不斷地創(chuàng)新,我國(guó)有許多防塵技術(shù),但井下粉塵濃度依然嚴(yán)重超標(biāo)。本研究對(duì)采掘工作面主要防降塵技術(shù)即煤層注水、噴霧降塵、物理化學(xué)防降塵效果進(jìn)行比較研究,對(duì)各種防降塵技術(shù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)濕式降塵技術(shù)即煤層注水和噴霧降塵應(yīng)為主要防降塵技術(shù)措施。從影響噴霧降塵效果的因素方面進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),得出在一定條件下,除塵效率隨液滴流量的增大而提高;在一定的條件下,噴霧氣壓越大,除塵效率越高;在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中盡管增大氣壓有助于霧化效果,且國(guó)外使用高壓噴霧壓力一般在12兆帕以上,但是增大氣壓噪聲明顯增大,并且對(duì)管道和壓力泵有特殊要求,國(guó)內(nèi)很難達(dá)到。對(duì)A到O共15個(gè)煤礦進(jìn)行防塵技術(shù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用調(diào)查,通過效果比較得出噴霧降塵要優(yōu)于煤層注水。對(duì)P礦和Q礦進(jìn)行粉塵檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)煤礦在采取噴霧降塵等措施后,采煤機(jī)司機(jī)處和炮掘工作面的打眼工崗位粉塵濃度超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重。主要原因是防降塵措施執(zhí)行不好,水滴霧化效果不佳。針對(duì)R礦機(jī)械化程度高,水滴霧化效果不好,噴霧壓力過低等防塵現(xiàn)狀,通過對(duì)綜(采)掘機(jī)高壓外噴霧系統(tǒng)技術(shù)改造,防塵簾凈化水幕和防塵管路改造,R礦井下粉塵濃度顯著下降。對(duì)S礦采取綜合防塵設(shè)計(jì)方案后,S礦的粉塵濃度有了明顯改善。以濕式防塵為主的綜合防塵應(yīng)成為井下防塵的主流,高效降塵劑的研制,難注水煤層的工藝的研究,噴霧降塵的智能化以及個(gè)體防護(hù)用品的提高等將成為防降塵技術(shù)提升的關(guān)鍵。
[Abstract]:Coal mine dust is the main occupational hazard factor in coal mine. With the coal production mechanization degree and production efficiency greatly increased, the underground dust production has been increasing continuously. In the past decades, the coal mine dust control technology has been continuously innovated in our country. There are many dust control techniques in our country, but the underground dust concentration still exceeds the standard seriously. In this study, the main dust control techniques in mining face, namely coal seam injection, spray dust control and physical chemistry dust control, are compared, and the testing results of various dust control techniques are compared. It is found that wet dust reduction technology, that is, water injection and spray dust reduction in coal seam, should be the main technical measures for dust control. The experimental results show that the dust removal efficiency increases with the increase of the droplet flow rate under certain conditions, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the spray pressure is, the higher the dust removal efficiency is, and the higher the dust removal efficiency is with the increase of droplet flow rate under certain conditions. In practical application, although increasing air pressure is helpful to atomization effect, and the pressure of high pressure spray abroad is generally more than 12 MPA, but the increase of air pressure noise is obviously increased, and there are special requirements for pipeline and pressure pump, so it is very difficult to achieve it in our country. The field application of dust control technology in 15 coal mines from A to O is investigated. The results show that the dust reduction by spray is better than that by water injection in coal seam. After dust detection in P mine and Q mine, it is found that dust concentration exceeds the standard in the position of coal miner driver and blasting face after adopting the measures of spray dust reduction and so on. The main reason is that the anti-dust measures are not carried out well, and the atomization effect of water droplets is not good. In view of the present situation of dust prevention in R mine, such as high mechanization degree, poor atomization effect of water droplets, low spray pressure and so on, through the technical reform of the high pressure external spray system of the ensemble (mining) roadheader, the dust-proof curtain purification water curtain and dust-proof pipeline are reformed. The dust concentration under R mine decreased significantly. The dust concentration of S mine has been improved obviously after adopting the comprehensive dust control design scheme for S mine. The comprehensive dust control based on wet dust control should become the mainstream of downhole dust control, the development of high efficiency dust remover and the research on the technology of difficult injection of coal seam. The intelligence of spray dust reduction and the improvement of individual protective equipment will be the key to the improvement of dust control technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北科技學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD714.4

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