【摘要】：受煤層賦存條件的影響，富含軟泥入侵的溶洞性頂板廣泛分布于我國(guó)許多礦區(qū)，用于其孔洞發(fā)育、原位強(qiáng)度低、圍巖整體性差，使得該類頂板巷道的穩(wěn)定性控制已成為亟待解決的技術(shù)難題。本文以永聚煤業(yè)10#煤溶洞性頂板巷道為工程背景，結(jié)合溶洞注漿加固理論，分析研究溶洞性頂板巷道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性控制機(jī)理。采用溶洞注漿相似模擬、注漿巖體力學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法，探討溶洞性頂板合理的注漿材料、注漿參數(shù)以及巷道支護(hù)方式，經(jīng)實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)取得了良好的應(yīng)用效果。主要研究結(jié)論如下： （1）富含軟泥的溶洞性頂板，受孔洞效應(yīng)影響其原位力學(xué)性能強(qiáng)度偏低（單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度約為10.7MPa～18.9MPa）、自穩(wěn)能力較差，在高地應(yīng)力的作用下巷道頂板極易發(fā)生坍塌、冒落，溶洞性頂板巷道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性維護(hù)極為困難。 （2）針對(duì)軟泥入侵溶洞性頂板特性，結(jié)合相關(guān)圍巖注漿加固原位改性理論，提出了對(duì)溶洞性頂板的分段封堵、分區(qū)注漿的加固技術(shù)，，注漿加固后其頂板圍巖完整性得到明顯改善，頂板支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的承載能力得到提高；分析表明注漿材料、注漿參數(shù)及支護(hù)方式的合理選擇直接決定溶洞性頂板巷道圍巖的穩(wěn)定控制。 （3）針對(duì)軟泥入侵溶洞性頂板實(shí)際工程條件，運(yùn)用注漿相似模擬、數(shù)值模擬以及力學(xué)性能實(shí)驗(yàn)等方法進(jìn)行綜合分析，確定溶洞性頂板注漿最優(yōu)漿液水灰比為0.8：1；水玻璃用量為25%所用水泥體積量；巷道頂板最佳支護(hù)方式為拱形斷面＋錨桿（索）＋29U型鋼＋鋼纖維混凝土聯(lián)合支護(hù)。 （4）試驗(yàn)表明：富含軟泥的溶洞性頂板采用注漿加固后（水灰比0.8：1），圍巖強(qiáng)度提高37.9%～165%，巷道圍巖頂?shù)装逡平繙p小58.61%～89.25%，巷道圍巖兩幫收斂量減小66.16%～93.79%。其頂板力學(xué)性能得到大幅提高，頂板圍巖自穩(wěn)能力有了較大的改善，注漿效果顯著；數(shù)值模擬研究表明，高應(yīng)力作用下軟泥溶洞性頂板巷道破壞影響范圍為巷道尺寸的3～4倍范圍，該范圍內(nèi)溶洞的分布對(duì)巷道圍巖的穩(wěn)定性影響明顯。 （5）軟泥-漿液結(jié)石體在較短時(shí)間內(nèi)能完成膨脹變形（約8h），采用0.8：1的注漿水灰比，其最終膨脹量約為原結(jié)石體體積的3.1%，根據(jù)注漿工程手冊(cè)，壓力夯實(shí)注漿在該膨脹量作用下，效果最為顯著；而且使得在溶洞性頂板巷道圍巖注漿加固過(guò)程中，縮短了注漿施工過(guò)程，對(duì)軟泥溶洞頂板快速加固效果明顯，對(duì)富含軟泥的溶洞性頂板注漿改性施工具有實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。 （6）在永聚煤業(yè)10#煤軌道大巷進(jìn)行了實(shí)際工程應(yīng)用，并對(duì)實(shí)施的巷道圍巖變形與錨桿（索）工作載荷進(jìn)行了監(jiān)測(cè)。結(jié)果表明：巷道圍巖變形收縮量與頂板載荷最終均達(dá)到了穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，溶洞性頂板巷道注漿加固與支護(hù)取得了良好的效果。
[Abstract]:Influenced by the existing conditions of coal seam, the karst roof rich in soft mud intrusion is widely distributed in many mining areas in China, which is used for the development of holes, low in-situ strength and poor integrity of surrounding rock. The stability control of this kind of roof roadway has become a technical problem to be solved urgently. In this paper, the stability control mechanism of surrounding rock of karst roof roadway is analyzed and studied based on the engineering background of No. 10 coal karst roof roadway in Yonggu coal industry and the theory of grouting reinforcement of karst cave. This paper discusses the reasonable grouting material, grouting parameters and roadway supporting mode by means of similar simulation of grouting in karst cave, mechanical experiment of grouting rock mass and numerical simulation. Through practical engineering application and on-the-spot monitoring, good application results have been obtained. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the in-situ mechanical strength of the soft mud-rich roof is relatively low (uniaxial compressive strength is about 10.7MPa~18.9MPa) and its self-stabilization ability is poor due to the influence of void effect on the in-situ mechanical properties of the roof. Under the action of high in-situ stress, the roof of roadway is easy to collapse and fall, and it is very difficult to maintain the stability of surrounding rock of roadway with cave roof. (2) in view of the characteristics of soft mud intrusive karst roof, combined with the theory of in-situ modification of surrounding rock grouting strengthening, this paper puts forward the reinforcement technology of subsection sealing and sub-zone grouting for karst cave roof. After grouting reinforcement, the integrity of the surrounding rock of the roof is improved obviously, and the bearing capacity of the roof supporting structure is improved. The analysis shows that the reasonable selection of grouting material, grouting parameters and supporting mode directly determines the stability control of surrounding rock of karst roof roadway. (3) in view of the actual engineering conditions of the soft mud intrusion into the cave roof, the grouting similarity simulation, numerical simulation and mechanical performance experiment are used to carry on the comprehensive analysis, and the optimal grouting water-cement ratio of the solution-cavity roof grouting is determined to be 0.8 渭 1; The best supporting method for roadway roof is arch section + bolt (cable) + 29U steel + steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). (4) the test results show that the strength of surrounding rock is increased by 37.9% and the moving amount of roof and floor of roadway is decreased by 58.61% and 89.25%, respectively, after grouting is used to reinforce the soft mud-rich cave roof (water-cement ratio 0.8%), and the strength of surrounding rock is increased by 37.9% and 16.5%, respectively. The convergence of the surrounding rock is reduced by 66.16% and 93.79%. The mechanical properties of the roof have been greatly improved, the self-stabilization ability of the surrounding rock of the roof has been greatly improved, and the grouting effect has been remarkable. The numerical simulation study shows that the influence range of tunnel failure of soft mud cave roof under high stress is 3 ~ 4 times that of roadway size, and the distribution of karst cave has obvious influence on the stability of surrounding rock of roadway under the action of high stress. (5) the soft mud-slurry aggregate can complete the expansion deformation in a short time (about 8 hours). The final expansion amount is about 3.1% of the original rock volume by using the grouting water-cement ratio of 0.8%. According to the grouting engineering manual, the final expansion of the soft mud-slurry aggregate can be completed in a short period of time (about 8 hours). The effect of pressure tamping grouting is the most obvious under the effect of the expansion amount. In addition, it shortens the grouting construction process in the process of grouting reinforcement of surrounding rock of karst roof roadway, which has obvious effect on the rapid reinforcement of soft mud karst cave roof, and has practical guiding significance for the grouting modification construction of soft mud rich karst roof. (6) the practical engineering application has been carried out in 10# coal track roadway of Yongju Coal Industry, and the deformation of surrounding rock and the working load of bolt (cable) have been monitored. The results show that the deformation and shrinkage of the surrounding rock and the load of the roof reach the stable state at last, and the grouting reinforcement and support of the roadway with the cave roof have achieved good results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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