【摘要】：利用無線傳感器節(jié)點監(jiān)測礦井提升系統(tǒng)關鍵旋轉體(滾筒、天輪)的運行狀態(tài),是對提升系統(tǒng)典型故障進行檢測的新途徑,但是傳感器節(jié)點的壽命短是應用該方法的瓶頸問題。為了滿足布置于大型旋轉體表面節(jié)點供電以及低功耗的要求,本文開展了大型旋轉體表面風致振動壓電能量收集研究。首先,為了找到適合于大型旋轉體工況的壓電片安裝方式,研究了壓電片的固定方式、調整方式對其發(fā)電性能的影響;其次,為了對大型旋轉體表面上的節(jié)點進行供電,設計了一種風致振動壓電能量收集裝置,并通過實驗驗證了其可行性;最后,為了降低大型旋轉體表面監(jiān)測傳感器節(jié)點的功耗,提出了兩種高效能量管理策略,并對其進行了對比試驗分析。本文完成的具體工作如下:(1)介紹了壓電材料的基本理論,為后續(xù)的研究做好鋪墊。(2)利用軟件仿真和實驗對壓電片在懸臂梁、簡支梁兩種固定方式下的發(fā)電性能進行了分析,討論了不同固定方式下長寬比、重物塊質量等參數對壓電片固有頻率的影響。結果表明:懸臂梁固定方式適合用于大型旋轉體表面風致振動壓電能量收集裝置。(3)結合大型旋轉體的運行工況,設計了一種利用卡門渦街效應的風致振動壓電能量收集裝置;得出了裝置在旋轉體轉速、阻擋物直徑、固定角度等條件下發(fā)電電壓的變化情況;通過ANSYS軟件對壓電片進行了受力分析,得出壓電片在工作狀態(tài)下的應力分布情況以及最大應力隨不同轉速和阻擋物直徑變化的情況;根據理論模型及礦井提升機滾筒運動參數搭建了風致振動壓電能量收集裝置實驗臺,結合理論分析內容進行了相應實驗。結果表明:所設計的能量收集裝置在旋轉體轉速達到145r/min時產生1mW左右的功率輸出;相比調整圓柱形阻擋物直徑,調整裝置的安裝角能更加有效地增大能量收集裝置的輸出功率。(4)分析了大型旋轉體表面監(jiān)測傳感器節(jié)點的能耗管理需求;提出了基于信號幅值檢測的主動式調頻策略和適應大型旋轉體運行狀態(tài)的被動式調頻策略;通過對比試驗,分析了兩種調頻策略的性能。結果表明:兩種策略均可實現功耗管理;在發(fā)送頻率達50Hz時,被動式調頻策略下的節(jié)點功耗比主動式調頻策略下的功耗小6.8%。
[Abstract]:It is a new way to detect typical faults of hoisting system by using wireless sensor nodes to monitor the running state of the key rotating body (drum, wheel) of mine hoisting system. However, the short life of sensor nodes is the bottleneck problem in the application of this method. In order to meet the requirements of power supply and low power consumption for large-scale rotating body surface nodes, the wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection of large-scale rotating body surface is studied in this paper. Firstly, in order to find the installation mode suitable for large-scale rotating body, the fixed mode of piezoelectric wafer and the influence of adjusting mode on its power generation performance are studied. Secondly, in order to supply power to the nodes on the surface of large-scale rotating body, a wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection device is designed, and its feasibility is verified by experiments. Finally, in order to reduce the power consumption of sensor nodes, two efficient energy management strategies are proposed and compared with each other. The concrete work completed in this paper is as follows: (1) the basic theory of piezoelectric materials is introduced, which lays the groundwork for further research. (2) the piezoelectric wafers in cantilever beams are simulated and experimented with software. The power generation performance of the simply supported beam under two fixed modes is analyzed. The effects of the parameters such as the ratio of length to width and the mass of the heavy mass on the natural frequency of piezoelectric wafers under different fixed modes are discussed. The results show that the cantilever beam fixing mode is suitable for wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection device on the surface of large-scale rotating body. (3) combined with the operation condition of large-scale rotating body, A piezoelectric energy collection device for wind-induced vibration using Karman vortex street effect is designed. The variation of the generator voltage under the conditions of rotating speed, diameter of barrier, fixed angle and so on is obtained. The stress distribution and the maximum stress change with different rotational speed and the diameter of the barrier are obtained through the stress analysis of the piezoelectric chip with ANSYS software. The stress distribution of the piezoelectric piece in the working state and the variation of the maximum stress with different speed and the diameter of the barrier are obtained. According to the theoretical model and the motion parameters of the drum of mine hoist, an experimental platform of wind-induced vibration piezoelectric energy collection device is set up, and the corresponding experiments are carried out in combination with the theoretical analysis. The results show that when the rotational speed of the rotating body reaches 145r/min, the designed energy collecting device can produce the power output of about 1mW. Compared with adjusting the diameter of cylindrical barrier, adjusting the installation angle of the device can increase the output power of the energy collection device more effectively. (4) the energy consumption management requirements of the sensor nodes for large-scale rotary body surface monitoring are analyzed. An active frequency modulation strategy based on signal amplitude detection and a passive frequency modulation strategy adapted to the running state of a large rotating body are proposed, and the performance of the two strategies is analyzed through a comparative test. The results show that both strategies can achieve power management, and when the transmission frequency is up to 50Hz, the node power consumption of passive FM strategy is 6.8% less than that of active FM strategy.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD633

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