【摘要】：在采用下向采礦充填法的地下金屬礦山,采場(chǎng)機(jī)械支柱被用于支撐采場(chǎng)頂板。目前金屬礦山中,支撐采場(chǎng)頂板的支柱主要是木材支柱,其成本較高,不能回收,已逐漸被國家有關(guān)部門禁用。雖然在煤礦普遍使用的液壓支柱也可移植到金屬礦山使用,但需要建立乳化液泵站、管路系統(tǒng)和液控系統(tǒng),其組成復(fù)雜,投資較大,維護(hù)要求較高。采用型鋼作支柱,支撐不便,不能回收,成本較高。如何研發(fā)出簡單實(shí)用并能回收與重復(fù)使用的機(jī)械支柱逐步取代木材支柱、液壓支柱和型鋼支柱,以適應(yīng)國家強(qiáng)制性措施的執(zhí)行和企業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的需要,是采用下向采礦充填法的地下金屬礦山和礦業(yè)機(jī)械技術(shù)人員不得不面臨的一項(xiàng)重要研究課題。本文在查閱文獻(xiàn)資料和對(duì)采場(chǎng)支撐、木支柱及液壓支柱作了深入了解后,結(jié)合機(jī)械支柱的設(shè)計(jì)要求,選定了直齒錐齒輪傳動(dòng)帶動(dòng)螺旋傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)方案。對(duì)機(jī)械支柱中起主要作用的螺旋副進(jìn)行了理論設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算。建立了機(jī)械支柱的三維模型,并經(jīng)過干涉檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)無零件干涉。為考察機(jī)械支柱的剛度、強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性是否滿足要求,其進(jìn)行了有限元分析。經(jīng)分析得知螺桿剛度滿足要求,但最大應(yīng)力發(fā)生在螺桿下端,容易導(dǎo)致螺桿發(fā)生破壞。螺母強(qiáng)度不滿足要求。通過對(duì)螺桿及支撐管作線性屈曲分析,得到機(jī)械支柱的穩(wěn)定性滿足要求。由于螺母強(qiáng)度不滿足要求,對(duì)螺母進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)研究。結(jié)合優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)理論,對(duì)機(jī)械支柱進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),使螺母在滿足強(qiáng)度要求的前提下尺寸最優(yōu),同時(shí)支撐管材料有所減少。比較優(yōu)化分析前后,整體質(zhì)量變化不大,但優(yōu)化后機(jī)械支柱的力學(xué)性能得到了改善,更加經(jīng)濟(jì)合理。由于優(yōu)化后支撐管變薄,對(duì)優(yōu)化后的螺桿及支撐管再進(jìn)行穩(wěn)定性分析,可知優(yōu)化后仍能夠比桉木支柱多承受20%的載荷,比按木支柱更安全可靠。對(duì)優(yōu)化后的機(jī)械支柱進(jìn)行了虛擬樣機(jī)分析,考察其動(dòng)力學(xué)性能。將優(yōu)化后的機(jī)械支柱的主要工作部分--螺旋副和直齒錐齒輪裝配體,導(dǎo)入到ADAMS中,建立其虛擬樣機(jī)模型,并對(duì)對(duì)螺旋機(jī)構(gòu)的擰緊過程、旋松過程以及自鎖狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真,通過仿真分析,驗(yàn)證了優(yōu)化后總體設(shè)計(jì)方案的正確性。
[Abstract]:In underground metal mines with downward mining filling method, stope mechanical pillars are used to support stope roof. At present, the main pillar supporting stope roof in metal mines is timber pillar, which has high cost and can not be recovered, and has been gradually banned by the relevant departments of the state. Although the hydraulic support commonly used in coal mines can be transplanted to metal mines, it is necessary to set up emulsion pumping station, pipeline system and hydraulic control system. Its composition is complex, its investment is large, and its maintenance requirements are high. Adopt section steel as pillar, inconvenient to support, can not be recovered, high cost. How to develop simple and practical mechanical pillars that can be recycled and reused to gradually replace wood, hydraulic and section steel pillars to meet the needs of the implementation of national coercive measures and technological progress of enterprises, It is an important research subject for underground metal mines and mining machinery technicians who adopt downward mining filling method. In this paper, after consulting the literature and deeply understanding the stope support, wooden prop and hydraulic prop, combined with the design requirements of mechanical prop, the design scheme of spur bevel gear drive screw drive is selected. The theoretical design and calculation of the screw pair which plays a main role in the mechanical prop are carried out. A three-dimensional model of mechanical strut was established, and no interference was found after interference detection. In order to investigate whether the stiffness, strength and stability of mechanical pillars meet the requirements, the finite element analysis is carried out. The analysis shows that the stiffness of the screw meets the requirements, but the maximum stress occurs at the lower end of the screw, which can easily lead to the failure of the screw. The strength of the nut does not meet the requirements. Through linear buckling analysis of screw and braced pipe, the stability of mechanical prop is satisfied. Because the strength of the nut does not meet the requirements, the improvement of the nut is studied. Combined with the theory of optimum design, the optimum design of mechanical strut is carried out, so that the size of nut can be optimized under the premise of satisfying the strength requirement, and the material of supporting pipe is reduced at the same time. The whole quality has little change before and after the optimization analysis, but the mechanical properties of the mechanical pillar have been improved after optimization, which is more economical and reasonable. Because of the thinning of the supporting pipe after optimization, the stability analysis of the optimized screw and supporting pipe is carried out. The results show that the optimized support pipe can still bear 20% more load than the eucalyptus prop, which is safer and more reliable than that of the per-pillar. The virtual prototype of the optimized mechanical prop is analyzed and its dynamic performance is investigated. The main work parts of the optimized mechanical prop, spiral pair and straight bevel gear assembly, are imported into ADAMS, the virtual prototype model is established, and the tightening process of the screw mechanism is analyzed. The dynamic simulation of the spin-loose process and the self-locking state is carried out, and the correctness of the optimized overall design scheme is verified by the simulation analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD355

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：2457577