【摘要】：無底柱分段崩落采礦法因開采強(qiáng)度大,生產(chǎn)安全等眾多優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前在國內(nèi)外金屬鐵礦山廣泛應(yīng)用,然而該采礦方法是在覆巖下落礦與出礦的,損失貧化大的問題一直未得到很好地解決。崩落體是被爆礦體爆破后在松散覆蓋巖層中形成的礦石堆體,是放礦的對(duì)象,其形態(tài)對(duì)礦石的損失貧化有很大影響,但崩落體賦存于覆蓋巖層中,形態(tài)難以觀測,也沒有確定其形態(tài)的方法。確定崩落體形態(tài)對(duì)優(yōu)化采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、降低礦石損失貧化、提高礦山經(jīng)濟(jì)效益有著重要的理論意義和實(shí)際價(jià)值。本文以放礦理論、松散介質(zhì)理論、最小耗能原理和耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)崩落體的形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,建立崩落體的數(shù)學(xué)模型,確定了崩落體形態(tài);編寫崩落體形態(tài)求解過程的MATLAB程序,計(jì)算不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下崩落體的形態(tài);利用PFC2D軟件模擬不同采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下的崩落體形態(tài);應(yīng)用自動(dòng)化單體放礦系統(tǒng)裝置在實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行崩落體形態(tài)對(duì)礦石損失貧化的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)。取得如下成果:1.應(yīng)用放礦理論、松散介質(zhì)理論、最小耗能原理以及耗散結(jié)構(gòu)理論得出崩落體是與松動(dòng)體相似的橢球缺。2.建立崩落體的數(shù)學(xué)模型,確定崩落體形態(tài)的求解方法和步驟,在此基礎(chǔ)上編寫MATLAB程序,計(jì)算不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下的崩落體形態(tài),其計(jì)算結(jié)果符合礦山實(shí)際。3.利用PFC2D軟件模擬不同采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下的崩落體形態(tài),模擬結(jié)果與模型計(jì)算結(jié)果相吻合,驗(yàn)證了崩落體形態(tài)模型的可行性。4.借助自動(dòng)化單體放礦系統(tǒng)裝置,利用模型計(jì)算所得的不同結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)下崩落體形態(tài),進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室放礦實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:當(dāng)采用分段高度18m,進(jìn)路間距20m,崩礦步距3m的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)時(shí),礦石損失貧化最低,崩落體形態(tài)最佳。該研究對(duì)采用無底柱分段崩落法的礦山優(yōu)化結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),降低礦石損失生產(chǎn)具有指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The method of sublevel caving without pillar is widely used in metal iron mines at home and abroad because of its advantages such as high mining intensity and production safety. However, this mining method is used in overlying rock mining and ore drawing, and the mining method has been widely used in metal iron mines both at home and abroad. The problem of loss and dilution has not been solved very well. Caving body is an ore pile formed in loose overlying rock after blasting by explosive ore body, and it is the object of ore drawing. Its shape has a great influence on ore loss and dilution, but it is difficult to observe the shape of caving body which occurs in overlying strata. There is also no way to determine its shape. Determining the shape of caving body has important theoretical and practical value for optimizing stope structural parameters, reducing ore loss and dilution, and improving mine economic benefit. On the basis of ore drawing theory, loose medium theory, minimum energy dissipation principle and dissipative structure theory, this paper analyzes the formation mechanism of avalanche body, establishes the mathematical model of caving body, and determines the shape of caving body. The MATLAB program is compiled to calculate the shape of caving body with different structure parameters, and the shape of caving body under different stope structure parameters is simulated by PFC2D software, and the shape of caving body under different stope structure parameters is simulated by PFC2D software. The effect of the shape of caving body on ore loss and dilution was tested in laboratory with an automatic single ore drawing system. The following results have been achieved: 1. Based on ore drawing theory, loose medium theory, minimum energy dissipation principle and dissipative structure theory, it is concluded that the caving body is an ellipsoid deficiency similar to that of loose body. The mathematical model of the caving body is established, and the solution method and steps of the shape of the caving body are determined. On this basis, the MATLAB program is compiled to calculate the shape of the caving body under different structural parameters. The calculated results accord with the actual situation of the mine. 3. PFC2D software is used to simulate the shape of caving body under different stope structure parameters. The simulation results are in good agreement with the calculated results of the model, and the feasibility of the caving body shape model is verified. 4. With the aid of the automatic single ore drawing system, the laboratory ore drawing experiment is carried out by using the different structure parameters of the model, and the experimental results show that when the section height is 18m, the distance between the approaches is 20m, When the ore step distance is 3m, the ore loss and dilution is the lowest, and the shape of the caving body is the best. This study is of guiding significance for optimizing structural parameters and reducing ore loss in mines with sublevel caving without bottom column.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD853.362

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