【摘要】：寧都硫鐵礦是緩傾斜礦體,開采難度較大,目前礦山采用采礦方法不統(tǒng)一,且采場安全系數(shù)和回采率低,為實(shí)現(xiàn)礦山高效、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)開采,合理選擇其采礦方法和優(yōu)化其采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)成為礦山當(dāng)下首要任務(wù)。本文采用層次分析和模糊數(shù)學(xué)綜合法對礦山采礦方法進(jìn)行了選擇,并通過理論計(jì)算和數(shù)值分析的方法優(yōu)化了該礦采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和回采順序,得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)運(yùn)用層次分析法與模糊數(shù)學(xué)原理,建立了寧都硫鐵礦采礦方案的綜合評判模型,科學(xué)合理地選出了該礦最優(yōu)采礦方案。在優(yōu)選過程中,綜合考慮影響采礦方案的各項(xiàng)影響因素,利用層次分析法確定各評價(jià)指標(biāo)的權(quán)重,并根據(jù)模糊數(shù)學(xué)原理對備選采礦方案進(jìn)行綜合評判,計(jì)算結(jié)果得出房柱采礦法為該礦最優(yōu)采礦方法。(2)以安全系數(shù)為礦柱穩(wěn)定性評判指標(biāo),采用正交極差理論對影響礦柱穩(wěn)定性的因素進(jìn)行了敏感度排序,得出礦房跨度和礦柱尺寸敏感度最大,并通過光彈性試驗(yàn)結(jié)論得出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式計(jì)算得到礦房極限跨度,在此基礎(chǔ)上利用尖點(diǎn)突變理論建立礦柱失穩(wěn)模型,得到臨界礦柱寬。本文還綜合彈性力學(xué)法、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)法、材料力學(xué)法在不同礦房跨度下計(jì)算得到的頂柱厚,對其全部結(jié)果進(jìn)行擬合分析,推出了適合寧都硫鐵礦頂柱跨度和頂柱厚的關(guān)系式。最終得出礦房極限跨度14.22m,最小礦柱寬3.99m,頂柱厚3m,為后續(xù)采場數(shù)值模擬提供了依據(jù)。(3)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場實(shí)際和理論計(jì)算結(jié)果確定不同的采場結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并采用正交試驗(yàn)法設(shè)計(jì)不同的方案組合,綜合利用ANSYS和FLAC3D軟件對不同采場進(jìn)行模擬。比較不同方案采場的應(yīng)力、位移和塑性區(qū),篩選出安全方案,以采場關(guān)鍵部位應(yīng)力、位移、塑性區(qū)及回采率作為評判各方案優(yōu)越度的指標(biāo),建立綜合評判模型,并確定各指標(biāo)權(quán)重,評價(jià)得到礦房跨度14m,點(diǎn)柱尺寸6m,點(diǎn)柱間距7m,頂柱厚3m時(shí)采場穩(wěn)定性、技術(shù)性綜合最優(yōu),在此基礎(chǔ)上對采礦回采順序進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,比較不同回采順序方案隨開采步驟應(yīng)力、位移及塑性區(qū)的變化,結(jié)果得到從兩翼向中央開采的順序最優(yōu)。(4)建立了寧都硫鐵礦采場穩(wěn)定性監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò),分析研究了前期監(jiān)測結(jié)果,驗(yàn)證了最優(yōu)方案采場安全性。
[Abstract]:Ningdu Pyrite Mine is a gently inclined orebody, which is difficult to mine. At present, mining methods are not uniform, and the safety factor and recovery rate of stope are low. In order to realize high efficiency, safety and economic mining of mine, Rational selection of its mining method and optimization of its stope structural parameters have become the primary task of the mine at present. In this paper, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy mathematics synthesis method are used to select the mining method, and the structural parameters and mining sequence of the mine are optimized by the methods of theoretical calculation and numerical analysis. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the comprehensive evaluation model of the mining scheme of Ningdu pyrite is established by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the principle of fuzzy mathematics, and the optimum mining scheme is selected scientifically and reasonably. In the process of optimization, the influence factors of mining scheme are considered synthetically, the weight of each evaluation index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the alternative mining scheme is comprehensively evaluated according to the principle of fuzzy mathematics. The calculation results show that the Fangzhu mining method is the optimal mining method. (2) taking the safety factor as the evaluation index of pillar stability, the sensitivity ranking of the factors affecting pillar stability is carried out by using the orthogonal range theory. The maximum sensitivity of room span and pillar size is obtained, and the ultimate span of mine house is calculated by the empirical formula obtained from the conclusion of photoelastic test. On this basis, the critical pillar width is obtained by using the cusp catastrophe theory to establish the pillar instability model. In this paper, the thickness of roof column calculated by elastic mechanics method, structural mechanics method and material mechanics method under different span of mine house is integrated, and all the results are fitted and analyzed, and a formula suitable for the span of roof column and the thickness of roof column of Ningdu Pyrite Mine is deduced. Finally, the ultimate span of the mine house is 14.22m, the minimum pillar width is 3.99mm, and the top column thickness is 3m, which provides the basis for the numerical simulation of the subsequent stope. (3) different stope structural parameters are determined according to the field practice and theoretical calculation results. The orthogonal test method was used to design different schemes, and the ANSYS and FLAC3D software were used to simulate the different stope. The stress, displacement and plastic zone of different stope plans are compared, and the safety scheme is selected. The stress, displacement, plastic zone and recovery rate of the key parts of the stope are taken as the indexes to judge the superiority degree of each scheme, and the comprehensive evaluation model is established. The stability of the stope is obtained when the span of the building is 14 m, the size of the point column is 6 m, the spacing between the points and columns is 7 m, and the thickness of the top column is 3 m, and the technical synthesis is optimal. On this basis, the mining sequence is optimized. Comparing different mining sequence schemes with the change of mining step stress, displacement and plastic zone, the results show that the order of mining from two wings to the center is optimal. (4) the stope stability monitoring network of Ningdu Pyrite Mine is established. The preliminary monitoring results are analyzed and studied, and the safety of the optimal stope is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD861.1

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