【摘要】：煤炭資源是我國主要能源之一,“三下”(建筑物下、鐵路下、水體下)壓煤問題日益突出,嚴(yán)重制約了礦井的穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。如何有效解放鐵路下壓煤是我國東部礦區(qū)“三下”采煤面臨的主要問題之一,有效提高回采率的同時保證列車安全運行是鐵路下采煤研究的核心。本課題以邯礦集團陶一煤礦12706工作面邯長鐵路下采用超高水材料充填開采為背景,針對采空區(qū)全部垮落和超高水材料充填,對不同處理方案引起的覆巖和地表移動變形規(guī)律進行比較分析;采用FLAC3D軟件對充填開采后上覆巖層和地表移動規(guī)律進行數(shù)值模擬,通過與現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的比較研究超高水材料充填開采巖層和地表移動變形特征。通過以上研究,為鐵路的起道、撥道等維護措施提供依據(jù),從而保證回采過程中鐵路的安全運營,為本礦井采用超高水材料長壁袋式充填方案的選取提供技術(shù)依據(jù),并為其它礦井“三下”充填采煤提供參考。超高水材料長壁袋式充填開采作為解決鐵路下壓煤問題的一種新型采煤方法,充填體對頂板和地表的控制能力強,具有原料豐富、生產(chǎn)工藝簡單、早強快硬、兩主料單漿(A或B漿液)流動性好、初凝時間可調(diào)、生成的固結(jié)體應(yīng)變小等優(yōu)點,可有效減緩巖層和地表沉降,能夠給礦井帶來顯著的經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。本文綜合概率積分、數(shù)值模擬與現(xiàn)場監(jiān)測結(jié)果分析,得出以下結(jié)論:①地表移動監(jiān)測結(jié)果分析表明,超高水材料充填開采可有效減緩地表下沉;超高水材料充填率達(dá)到80%時,地表未出現(xiàn)突然性沉陷,下沉、水平移動和破壞程度在可控范圍之內(nèi),開采過程中鐵路線路不需要停運整修,僅需對鐵路進行小規(guī)模常規(guī)維修,列車在減速情況下可以安全通行。②全部垮落開采后上覆巖層通常形成有規(guī)律的“三帶”分布,而超高水材料充填開采中垮落帶一般不存在,裂隙帶和彎曲帶高度明顯減小,沉降參數(shù)和全部垮落法有顯著差別,下沉系數(shù)大于全部垮落法。③充填率一定時,不同工作面開采尺寸對覆巖和地表的影響結(jié)果不同,應(yīng)根據(jù)不同的工作面采取合適的充填率,保證充填開采過程中上覆巖層的穩(wěn)定性、防止地表的突然下沉,確保鐵路的安全運營。
[Abstract]:Coal resource is one of the main energy sources in our country. The problem of coal compression under buildings, railways and water bodies is becoming more and more prominent, which seriously restricts the stable production and sustainable development of mines. How to effectively liberate the coal under the railway is one of the main problems faced by "three lower" coal mining in the eastern mining area of our country. It is the core of the research on the coal mining under the railway to improve the recovery rate effectively and ensure the safe operation of the train at the same time. Based on the background of the super-high water material filling mining under 12706 working face Han-Chang Railway of Tao-I Coal Mine of Handan Coal Mine Group, this paper aims at all goaf collapse and super-high water material filling. The law of overlying rock and surface movement and deformation caused by different treatment schemes are compared and analyzed. FLAC3D software is used to simulate the law of overlying strata and surface movement after filling mining, and the characteristics of strata and surface movement deformation in super-high water material filling mining are studied by comparing with field monitoring data. Through the above research, it can provide the basis for the maintenance measures of railway starting and dialing, so as to ensure the safe operation of the railway in the process of mining, and provide the technical basis for the selection of the long-wall bag filling scheme with super-high water material in this mine. And for other mines "three" filling coal to provide a reference. The long wall bag filling mining of super high water material is a new coal mining method to solve the problem of coal pressing under railway. The filling body has strong control ability on roof and surface, abundant raw materials, simple production technology, early strength and quick hardening. The advantages of single slurry (A or B) with two main materials (A or B) are good fluidity, adjustable initial setting time and small strain of solidified body, which can effectively slow down the subsidence of strata and surface, and bring remarkable economic and social benefits to the mine. Based on the analysis of probability integral, numerical simulation and on-site monitoring results, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the analysis of monitoring results of surface movement shows that the filling mining of ultra-high water materials can effectively slow down the subsidence of the surface; When the filling rate of ultra-high water materials reaches 80%, there is no sudden subsidence and subsidence of the surface, the horizontal movement and damage are within the controllable range, the railway line does not need to be shut down and renovated during the mining process, but only small-scale routine maintenance of the railway is required. The train can pass safely under the condition of deceleration. (2) the overlying strata usually form a regular "three-zone" distribution after all the caving mining, but the collapse zone generally does not exist in the super-high water material filling mining, and the height of the fracture zone and the bending zone is obviously reduced, and the height of the fracture zone and the bending zone are obviously reduced. There is a significant difference between the settlement parameters and the total caving method, and the subsidence coefficient is greater than that of the whole caving method. 3 when the filling rate is fixed, the effect of different mining sizes on the overburden rock and the surface is different, and the suitable filling rate should be adopted according to the different working faces. Ensure the stability of the overlying strata during filling mining, prevent the sudden subsidence of the surface, and ensure the safe operation of the railway.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD325

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