【摘要】：近年來國內(nèi)的勘探熱點主要分布于新疆的沙漠地區(qū)、山西、內(nèi)蒙的黃土塬地區(qū)以及川東南的南方山地,這些地方資料的一個共同的特點就是由于復(fù)雜的地質(zhì)條件造成資料存在嚴(yán)重的靜校正問題。地震剖面波場形態(tài)不能準(zhǔn)確的反映地下介質(zhì)真實形態(tài),造成對區(qū)域構(gòu)造錯誤解釋認(rèn)識[1],再加上過高的勘探投入成本,制約了這一地區(qū)石油物探的勘探開發(fā)。因此,探索和研究這種復(fù)雜地表條件下靜校正處理方法具有十分重要理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。通過實際地震資料來分析研究靜校正問題通常是很困難的,因為采集的地震資料往往都是高精度,高覆蓋的次數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)量龐大的記錄,單炮資料的信噪比也通常很低,在這個資料的基礎(chǔ)上來不斷改變初至信息測試靜校正計算效果是不現(xiàn)實的,加上實際資料本身具有很大的不確定性,讓測試的結(jié)果也缺少說服力。因此,通過正演模擬復(fù)雜地表條件下的地震資料,在此基礎(chǔ)上進行各種分析測試是方便易行并具有可操作性的。本文首先選擇一條實際處理解釋的典型的南方山地地震剖面,資料具有起伏高差大,風(fēng)化層厚度不均勻,以及完整的向斜構(gòu)造造成表層橫向巖性變化大,速度變化快等特點,含有突出的靜校正問題。然后通過正演模擬軟件,采用三維非均勻介質(zhì)聲波方程正演方法結(jié)合測井資料等獲得的區(qū)域物性參數(shù),選擇合理的觀測系統(tǒng)和正演參數(shù)來模擬地震記錄,并根據(jù)模擬記錄的情況調(diào)整地質(zhì)模型,使得模擬記錄能夠反映實際地震資料的特點。通過詳細(xì)對比分析,最終確定了兩套地質(zhì)模型為論文研究提供基礎(chǔ)資料。接下來利用模型計算的正演地震數(shù)據(jù),分析不同的初至?xí)r間拾取方式和利用不同的初至信息來構(gòu)建表層模型,研究這些不同信息所反演出表層模型的特點及與實際模型的吻合程度。并繼續(xù)探討選取不同偏移距初至和初至拾取的精度對靜校正計算精度的影響,同時分析不同的靜校正算法對于不同的復(fù)雜地質(zhì)體的適應(yīng)程度。通過上面模擬資料的分析結(jié)果來指導(dǎo)以后實際資料的靜校正處理方法是非常有意義的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the domestic hot spots of exploration are mainly distributed in the desert areas of Xinjiang, Shanxi, the Loess Plateau of Inner Mongolia and the southern mountainous areas of southeast Sichuan. A common feature of these local data is the serious statics problem caused by complicated geological conditions. Seismic profile wave field shape can not accurately reflect the true shape of underground media, resulting in the understanding of regional structural misinterpretation [1] and the high exploration input cost, which restricts the exploration and development of petroleum geophysical exploration in this area. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore and study this method of static correction under complex surface conditions. It is usually very difficult to analyze and study static correction problems through the actual seismic data, because the collected seismic data are often recorded with high accuracy, large numbers of data with high coverage, and the signal-to-noise ratio of single shot data is usually very low. On the basis of this data, it is not realistic to constantly change the static correction calculation effect of the first arrival information test, and the actual data itself is very uncertain, which makes the test results lack of persuasion. Therefore, it is convenient and feasible to carry out various kinds of analysis and test on the basis of forward modeling seismic data under complex surface conditions. In this paper, a typical southern mountain seismic section, which is actually processed and interpreted, is selected in this paper. The data are characterized by large height difference, uneven weathering layer thickness, and large lateral lithologic change and fast velocity change caused by the complete syncline structure. Contains outstanding static correction problems. Then, by using forward modeling software, using 3-D inhomogeneous medium acoustic equation forward modeling method combined with well logging data to obtain regional physical parameters, select reasonable observation system and forward parameters to simulate seismic records. The geological model is adjusted according to the simulated records so that the simulated records can reflect the characteristics of the actual seismic data. Through detailed comparison and analysis, two sets of geological models are finally determined to provide basic data for the research of this paper. Then, using the forward seismic data calculated by the model, we analyze the different ways of picking up the first arrival time and use the different initial arrival information to construct the surface model. The characteristics of the surface model and the degree of agreement with the actual model are studied. The influence of the initial arrival and the pick up accuracy of different offset on the static correction calculation accuracy is discussed, and the adaptability of different static correction algorithms to different complex geological bodies is analyzed at the same time. It is very meaningful to guide the statics processing method of the actual data by analyzing the above simulated data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P631.4

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 孫宗良;基于空間插值的三維近地表建模及可視化研究[D];成都理工大學(xué);2018年

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本文編號：2427189