【摘要】：急傾斜特厚煤層采用水平分段放頂煤的開采方法時(shí)由于多重采動(dòng)應(yīng)力導(dǎo)致上方頂板裂隙極易貫穿地表,形成水、氣通道聯(lián)通采空區(qū)威脅開采安全的同時(shí)也使地表產(chǎn)生塌陷坑,加劇破壞礦區(qū)環(huán)境。開展急傾斜特厚煤層的充填開采技術(shù)的研究,對改善礦區(qū)井上下環(huán)境、實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色開采具有重大科學(xué)和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本研究運(yùn)用材料力學(xué)理論,建立了基于梁結(jié)構(gòu)的急傾斜特厚煤層頂板在采用空區(qū)充填技術(shù)時(shí)的力學(xué)模型,得出理想充填狀態(tài)下所需充填體材料的強(qiáng)度;在物理相似模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)中采用應(yīng)力監(jiān)測、聲發(fā)射及鉆孔電視等綜合監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)對實(shí)驗(yàn)現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)表明:對煤層采用充填開采后,工作面的動(dòng)壓現(xiàn)象、頂板應(yīng)力集中程度和地面沉降塌陷都有所改善;利用三維有限差分程序計(jì)算分析了在部分充填時(shí),不同長度充填體內(nèi)的應(yīng)力和應(yīng)變的分布特征,并得出最佳充填步距;與此同時(shí)對比分析充填前后頂板的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變以及地表運(yùn)移情況。最后將所得理論應(yīng)用到工程現(xiàn)場,根據(jù)烏東煤礦開采條件,提出了井上“采空區(qū)矸石充填、注漿封閉裂隙”和井下“聯(lián)合充填體”部分充填開采兩位一體充填手段,使用地質(zhì)雷達(dá)掃描來分析充填密實(shí)度,并在地面建立觀測站對地面沉降進(jìn)行觀測,結(jié)果表明,井上下綜合充填技術(shù)對急傾斜特厚煤層開采下的地面沉降具有效控制,對環(huán)境起到保護(hù)作用。本研究對特厚煤層開采礦山的采空區(qū)充填減沉、災(zāi)害防控和綠色礦山建設(shè)具有重要科學(xué)意義和借鑒價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:When the mining method of steeply inclined and super-thick coal seam is adopted in horizontal sublevel top coal caving, because of the multiple mining dynamic stress, the upper roof fissure is easy to penetrate the surface, forming water, and the gas passage connects the goaf area to threaten the mining safety, at the same time, it also causes the surface collapse pit. Aggravate damage to the environment of the mining area. It is of great scientific and practical significance to carry out the research on filling mining technology of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam to improve the environment up and down of mining area and to realize green mining. Based on the theory of material mechanics, the mechanical model of the roof of steeply inclined and extra thick coal seam based on beam structure is established, and the strength of the filling material is obtained under the ideal filling condition. In the physical similarity simulation experiment, a comprehensive monitoring system, such as stress monitoring, acoustic emission and borehole television, is used to analyze the experimental phenomena. The experimental results show that the dynamic pressure phenomenon of the coal face is obtained after the coal seam is mined by filling. The degree of stress concentration and the subsidence of the roof are improved. The distribution characteristics of stress and strain during partial filling are analyzed by using 3D finite difference program, and the optimum filling step is obtained. At the same time, the stress and strain of roof and surface migration before and after filling are analyzed. Finally, the theory is applied to the project site. According to the mining conditions of Wudong coal mine, two filling methods are put forward, that is, the filling of gangue in goaf, grouting and sealing fissures, and the partial filling of underground "combined filling body". The density of filling is analyzed by using geological radar scanning, and the ground subsidence is observed by setting up observation station on the ground. The results show that the integrated filling technology of well top and bottom can effectively control the ground subsidence under the mining of steep and super thick coal seam. Protect the environment. This study has important scientific significance and reference value for goaf filling, disaster prevention and control and green mine construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD823.7

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