【摘要】：新疆東天山地區(qū)是中亞成礦域的重要組成部分,也是我國最重要的鐵礦、有色金屬和貴金屬礦集區(qū)之一。其中阿齊山-雅滿蘇-沙泉子礦帶為該區(qū)主要的鐵礦成礦帶,雅滿蘇鐵礦位于該成礦帶中部,是該成礦帶內(nèi)的大型露天鐵礦床。本文在充分收集前人資料和系統(tǒng)野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,著重對雅滿蘇鐵礦床地質(zhì)特征、矽卡巖礦物組合、流體包裹體、穩(wěn)定同位素、礦物成分研究、成礦機(jī)制方面進(jìn)行了研究,取得了一下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識:1)雅滿蘇鐵礦賦存于下石炭統(tǒng)雅滿蘇組上亞組第三巖性段,直接賦礦圍巖是安山質(zhì)玻屑凝灰?guī)r,礦體與圍巖接觸處矽卡巖發(fā)育,礦體呈層狀、似層狀、透鏡狀產(chǎn)于矽卡巖中。礦石主要呈塊狀構(gòu)造、浸染狀構(gòu)造、條帶狀構(gòu)造。礦石礦物相對簡單,主要為磁鐵礦,伴有少量赤鐵礦,黃鐵礦、黃銅礦和閃鋅礦等。脈石礦物主要為石榴石、透輝石、陽起石、綠簾石、綠泥石,其次為長石、石英、方解石等。2)根據(jù)礦石組構(gòu)、礦物共生和產(chǎn)出特征,可以將成礦作用劃分為2個成礦期,即成礦早期和成礦晚期,進(jìn)一步劃分為3個成礦階段:磁鐵礦-石榴石-綠簾石階段、磁鐵礦-鉀長石-綠簾石階段、碳酸鹽-硫化物階段。3)石榴石端員組分以鈣鐵榴石-鈣鋁榴石系列為主,這表明雅滿蘇鐵礦矽卡巖為交代矽卡巖中的鈣矽卡巖。大部分的磁鐵礦具交代成因特征,說明雅滿蘇鐵礦的形成與巖漿熱液交代作用有關(guān);其余磁鐵礦分布在中基性巖漿趨勢區(qū),說明巖漿作用對成礦有一定的影響。4)雅滿蘇鐵礦流體以NaCl H2O型為主,大氣降水與早期流體混合導(dǎo)致了流體的降溫稀釋過程。雅滿蘇鐵礦矽卡巖礦物中包裹體溫度相比世界矽卡巖型礦床較低,但是從早期矽卡巖階段→退化蝕變階段→碳酸鹽-硫化物階段溫度和鹽度在逐漸降低,其成礦流體性質(zhì)與世界矽卡巖型礦床成礦流體性質(zhì)相似。5)雅滿蘇矽卡巖及磁鐵礦稀土元素特征表明磁鐵礦石與矽卡巖及賦礦地層中的火山巖具有一定的成因聯(lián)系,硫同位素分析表明成礦物質(zhì)中硫來源于巖漿硫,綜合兩點(diǎn)認(rèn)為成礦物質(zhì)及成礦流體主要來源于火山巖及巖漿熱液。6)碳、氧同位素成分特征顯示成礦流體中碳不是來自圍巖中的灰?guī)r,而是來源于深部巖漿或地幔。7)雅滿蘇鐵礦為產(chǎn)于海相火山巖中的交代矽卡巖型礦床,與巖漿活動有關(guān)的含礦熱液沿?cái)嗔褬?gòu)造上升,在火山巖與灰?guī)r的接觸帶附近發(fā)生交代作用,形成矽卡巖及磁鐵礦體。
[Abstract]:The East Tianshan area of Xinjiang is an important part of the metallogenic region of Central Asia and one of the most important ore concentration areas of iron ore, nonferrous metals and precious metals in China. The AQishan-Yamansu-Shaquanzi ore belt is the main iron ore metallogenic belt in this area, and the Yamensu iron ore deposit is located in the middle of the metallogenic belt and is a large open-pit iron deposit in the metallogenic belt. Based on the collection of previous data and systematic field geological survey, this paper focuses on the study of geological characteristics, skarn mineral assemblage, fluid inclusions, stable isotopes and mineral composition of the Yamen cycad deposit. The ore-forming mechanism has been studied and the following understandings have been obtained: 1) the Yamensu iron ore deposit occurred in the third lithologic member of the Shangya formation of the Lower Carboniferous Yamensu formation, and the direct host rock of the ore bearing rock is Anshan glassy tuff. Skarn is developed in contact with surrounding rock, and the orebody is layered and laminar, and lenticular occurs in skarn. The ore is mainly massive, disseminated and striped. Ore minerals are relatively simple, mainly magnetite, with a small amount of hematite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. The gangue minerals are mainly garnet, diopside, actinolite, verdite, chlorite, followed by feldspar, quartz, calcite, etc. 2) according to ore fabric, mineral symbiosis and production characteristics, mineralization can be divided into two metallogenic periods. In other words, the early and late metallogenic stages are further divided into three metallogenic stages: magnetite, garnet and verdanite, magnetite, potassium feldspar and verdant. Carbonate-sulphide stage. 3) the garnet end member is mainly composed of calcium iron garnet and calcium aluminite series, which indicates that the skarn of Yamansu iron ore is the calcareous rock in the metasomatic skarn. Most magnetite have metasomatic genetic characteristics, indicating that the formation of Yamansu iron deposit is related to magmatic hydrothermal metasomatism. The other magnetite deposits are distributed in the trend zone of medium basic magma, which indicates that magmatism has certain influence on the mineralization. 4) the fluid of Yamensu iron ore is dominated by NaCl H 2O type, and the mixing of atmospheric precipitation and early fluid results in the process of cooling down and diluting the fluid. The inclusion temperature of skarn minerals in Yamansu Iron Mine is lower than that of skarn type deposits in the world, but the temperature and salinity of skarn ore deposits decrease gradually from the early skarn stage to the degenerative alteration stage, carbonate to sulphide stage. The ore-forming fluid properties are similar to those of skarn deposits in the world. 5) the REE characteristics of Yamensu skarn and magnetite indicate that magnetite has a certain genetic relationship with skarn and volcanic rocks in ore-bearing strata. Sulfur isotopic analysis shows that sulfur in the ore-forming material originates from magmatic sulfur, and it is considered that the ore-forming material and ore-forming fluid are mainly derived from volcanic rocks and magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The characteristics of oxygen isotopic composition indicate that the carbon in the ore-forming fluid comes not from the limestone in the surrounding rock, but from the deep magma or mantle. 7) Yamensu iron deposit is an metasomatic skarn deposit occurring in marine volcanic rocks. The ore-bearing hydrothermal fluid associated with magmatic activity rises along the fault structure and occurs metasomatism near the contact zone between volcanic rocks and limestone forming skarn and magnetite bodies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P618.31

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