【摘要】：本論文以河南登封地區(qū)鋁硅比為2.7左右的低品位鋁土礦為研究對象,通過強(qiáng)化分散試驗,提高鋁土礦浮選效果。論文對實驗礦樣進(jìn)行了工藝礦物學(xué)分析,礦石中氧化鋁含量52.33%,二氧化硅含量19.55%,鋁硅比2.68;礦石中有用礦物是一水硬鋁石,含量38.35%,脈石礦物主要是高嶺石、伊利石等粘土類礦物。一水硬鋁石與高嶺石、伊利石、石英等嵌布關(guān)系復(fù)雜,需要細(xì)磨才能實現(xiàn)有效解離,細(xì)磨過程細(xì)顆粒明顯增多,給浮選過程中礦粒的分散以及與藥劑的結(jié)合增加了困難。在工藝礦物學(xué)分析基礎(chǔ)上,對低品位鋁土礦進(jìn)行了實驗室強(qiáng)化分散試驗�？疾炝藬嚢柁D(zhuǎn)速與攪拌時間、p H值、分散劑(硅酸鈉、磷酸鹽類、復(fù)合分散劑、大分子淀粉)、金屬離子(Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Al3+、Fe3+)濃度等對鋁土礦分散的影響;試驗結(jié)果表明,當(dāng)p H=10,六偏磷酸鈉用量40mg/L時,鋁土礦分散率達(dá)到46.99%。論文探討了p H值、金屬離子、碳酸鈉、六偏磷酸鈉等對鋁土礦表面電位的影響,分析了鋁土礦分散效果與表面動電位之間的關(guān)系,得出結(jié)論:鋁土礦表面動電位絕對值越大,顆粒間靜電自由能增加,鋁土礦分散效果越好。在分散試驗的基礎(chǔ)上,開展了實驗室鋁土礦浮選試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明,一段粗選,添加碳酸鈉3000g/t+六偏磷酸鈉40g/t,分散率提高到49.11%,精礦鋁硅比4.29,Al2O3回收率77.07%。Ca2+、Mg2+影響較大,濃度偏高會抑制鋁土礦的分散,導(dǎo)致浮選效果變差。一粗兩精開路流程,當(dāng)入選礦石鋁硅比為2.82時,精礦鋁硅比達(dá)到6.47,Al2O3回收率59.76%,閉路后鋁硅比6.05,Al2O3回收率增加至69.67%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the low grade bauxite with about 2.7 Al-Si ratio in Dengfeng area of Henan Province is taken as the research object. The flotation effect of bauxite is improved by strengthening the dispersion test. The technological mineralogical analysis of experimental ore samples shows that the content of alumina in ore is 52.33, the content of silica is 19.555.The ratio of aluminum to silicon is 2.68; The useful minerals in the ore are diaspore with content of 38.35.The gangue minerals are mainly kaolinite, Illite and other clay minerals. The relationship between diaspore and kaolinite, Illite, quartz and so on is complex, so it needs fine grinding to realize effective dissociation. Fine particles increase obviously during fine grinding, which makes it difficult to disperse ore particles and combine with reagent in flotation process. On the basis of process mineralogy analysis, laboratory intensive dispersion test of low grade bauxite was carried out. The effects of stirring speed, stirring time, p H value, dispersant (sodium silicate, phosphate, compound dispersant, macromolecular starch) and metal ions (Ca2, Mg2, Fe2, Al3, Fe3) on the dispersion of bauxite were investigated. The results show that when the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate is 10 and the amount of sodium hexametaphosphate is 40mg/L, the dispersion rate of bauxite can reach 46.99%. The influence of pH value, metal ion, sodium carbonate, sodium hexametaphosphate on the surface potential of bauxite is discussed. The relationship between the dispersion effect of bauxite and the surface dynamic potential is analyzed. The conclusion is that the greater the absolute value of bauxite surface dynamic potential is, The higher the electrostatic free energy between particles, the better the dispersion effect of bauxite. On the basis of dispersion test, laboratory bauxite flotation test was carried out. The results showed that the dispersion rate increased to 49.11% and the ratio of aluminum to silicon in concentrate was 4.29 when the sodium carbonate was added to 40 g / t of sodium 3000g/t hexametaphosphate in one stage of coarse separation. The recovery rate of Al2O3, 77.07%.Ca2 and Mg2 have great influence, and the high concentration will restrain the dispersion of bauxite, and lead to the worse flotation effect. When the ratio of aluminium to silicon of ore is 2.82, the ratio of aluminum to silicon of concentrate reaches 6.47% Al _ 2O _ 3 recovery of 59.76%, and the ratio of Al _ 2O _ 3 to Si _ 2O _ 3 of 6.05% increases to 69.67% after closed circuit.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD952

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