【摘要】：由于市場(chǎng)的特殊需求，衍生出一種俗稱“寬體車”的非公路自卸車，它采用礦用車偏置式駕駛室和自卸車動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，是在公路自卸車的基礎(chǔ)上通過加強(qiáng)車架，加寬底盤以及匹配大動(dòng)率的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)等措施提升其工作效率。 寬體車具有一次性裝載量大，能適應(yīng)惡劣的工況、運(yùn)輸相率高、盈利性好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。它一般作業(yè)于露天礦山、水利水電等大型建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，運(yùn)輸路面崎嶇不平、路況惡劣和嚴(yán)重的超載對(duì)于車輛的承載性、行駛性、通過性和安全性有很高的要求。 車架作為該型寬體自卸車的重要組成部分，是傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、駕駛室、貨箱等各種重要組成部件的安裝基體，并且承受來自道路的各種復(fù)雜載荷的作用。在工程作業(yè)中，為了在短時(shí)間獲取最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，寬體車的運(yùn)營(yíng)多采取多拉快跑的模式。在運(yùn)行中，，車架在承受沖擊載荷、扭轉(zhuǎn)載荷和交變載荷等作用下，車架受力復(fù)雜多變。因此，該型寬體自卸車要有足夠的彎曲強(qiáng)度、適當(dāng)?shù)呐まD(zhuǎn)強(qiáng)度及一定的抗疲勞能力。 本文以寬體車車架為研究對(duì)象，利用三維制圖軟件Pro/E對(duì)其進(jìn)行幾何建模，然后導(dǎo)入HyperMesh對(duì)其進(jìn)行前處理并建立了整個(gè)車架結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元建模，將生成的有限元模型導(dǎo)入到ANSYS中進(jìn)行車架強(qiáng)度分析與研究。根據(jù)實(shí)際的工作環(huán)境，強(qiáng)度分析的工況包括：滿載工況、舉升工況、前輪越障工況、前輪沉陷工況和中輪越障工況。分析車架在典型工況下的應(yīng)力分布情況，找出車架的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)及潛在的危險(xiǎn)位置，為電測(cè)試驗(yàn)的測(cè)點(diǎn)和改進(jìn)車架局部結(jié)構(gòu)提供理論依據(jù)。并選取典型的兩種工況分析前板簧剛度對(duì)車架應(yīng)力分布和變形的影響。 另外，對(duì)車架進(jìn)行靜態(tài)加載試驗(yàn)測(cè)試和礦區(qū)動(dòng)態(tài)測(cè)試，為有限元提供實(shí)踐依據(jù)并驗(yàn)證有限元計(jì)算模型的準(zhǔn)確性。通過試驗(yàn)得出車架在不同工況下的各測(cè)點(diǎn)的應(yīng)力大小和車架在礦區(qū)路面行駛的應(yīng)力變化情況。
[Abstract]:Due to the special needs of the market, a kind of off-road dump truck, commonly known as "wide body truck", is derived. It uses the bias cab of mine car and the power transmission system of dump truck, and strengthens the frame of the truck on the basis of road dump truck. Widen the chassis and match the engine with high mobility to improve its working efficiency. The wide-body car has the advantages of large one-time loading capacity, can adapt to bad working conditions, high phase ratio of transportation, good profitability and so on. It generally works in open-pit mines, water conservancy and hydropower projects and other large-scale construction projects, transportation road surface is rugged, bad road conditions and serious overload of vehicles for the bearing, driving, passing and safety have very high requirements. As an important part of this type of wide-body dump truck, the frame is the installation matrix of various important components, such as transmission system, cab, cargo box, and so on, and bears various complex loads from the road. In engineering operation, in order to obtain the maximum economic benefit in a short time, the operation of wide body car adopts Dora fast running mode. In operation, under the action of impact load, torsional load and alternating load, the force of the frame is complex and changeable. Therefore, the wide body dump truck should have sufficient bending strength, proper torsional strength and fatigue resistance. This paper takes the wide body frame as the research object, uses the 3D drawing software Pro/E to carry on the geometry modeling, then imports the HyperMesh to carry on the pre-processing to it and establishes the finite element modeling of the whole frame structure. The generated finite element model is introduced into ANSYS to analyze and study the frame strength. According to the actual working environment, the working conditions of strength analysis include: full load condition, lifting condition, front wheel obstacle surmounting condition, front wheel sinking condition and medium wheel surmounting condition. This paper analyzes the stress distribution of the frame under typical working conditions, finds out the weak link and the potential dangerous position of the frame, and provides the theoretical basis for the measurement point of the electric test and the improvement of the local structure of the frame. The influence of the stiffness of front leaf spring on the stress distribution and deformation of the frame is analyzed in two typical working conditions. In addition, the static loading test and mining dynamic test of the frame provide practical basis for the finite element method and verify the accuracy of the finite element calculation model. The stress of each measuring point of the frame under different working conditions and the stress variation of the frame running on the road surface of the mining area are obtained through the test.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD562.1

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