【摘要】：巖爆是開(kāi)采礦體時(shí)經(jīng)常遇到的難題,由于它的破壞性很大,常常給施工安全、巖體的穩(wěn)定帶來(lái)很多問(wèn)題,甚至?xí)l(fā)重大安全事故,因此作為防止巖爆災(zāi)害的基礎(chǔ),巖爆的預(yù)測(cè)尤為重要。本文根據(jù)地質(zhì)構(gòu)造條件、地應(yīng)力狀況、礦井布置條件等影響巖爆的主要因素,利用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬軟件,選取側(cè)壓系數(shù)、高跨比、巖性、節(jié)理化程度作為研究參數(shù),分析了不同條件下巷道圍巖發(fā)生巖爆的可能性,旨在預(yù)測(cè)這四種因素對(duì)巖爆影響程度大小,探索巖爆發(fā)生的規(guī)律,為今后巖爆的防治工作提供理論依據(jù)。主要內(nèi)容如下:根據(jù)山西潞安五陽(yáng)煤礦地質(zhì)條件建立矩形巷道,利用巷道最大主應(yīng)力分析驗(yàn)證了模型的可行性。選取側(cè)壓系數(shù)作為變量,通過(guò)比較選擇修改后的谷—陶巖爆判據(jù)作為判斷巖爆等級(jí)的條件,針對(duì)不同側(cè)壓系數(shù)條件下矩形巷道的巖爆規(guī)律進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)研究。結(jié)果表明:側(cè)壓系數(shù)對(duì)矩形巷道巖爆等級(jí)的影響大小為頂板底板,頂?shù)装鍘r爆等級(jí)均隨側(cè)壓系數(shù)的增加而增加,呈正相關(guān)。矩形巷道在側(cè)壓系數(shù)為0.5時(shí)巖爆等級(jí)最低。選取高跨比作為變量,探討高跨比對(duì)矩形巷道巖爆等級(jí)的影響。結(jié)果表明:高跨比對(duì)矩形巷道巖爆等級(jí)的影響頂板略大于底板,矩形巷道頂?shù)装鍘r爆等級(jí)隨著高跨比的增加表現(xiàn)出“增加減小再增加”的趨勢(shì),在高跨比為0.5時(shí),巖爆等級(jí)最高,高跨比為0.75時(shí),巖爆等級(jí)最低。選取巖性作為變量,比較三種巖性條件下矩形巷道的巖爆等級(jí)。結(jié)果表明:不同巖性發(fā)生巖爆可能性的大小為:花崗巖石灰?guī)r泥巖,圍巖的硬度大小與頂?shù)装灏l(fā)生巖爆的可能性大小成正相關(guān)。建立拱形斷面巷道,通過(guò)最大主應(yīng)力分析驗(yàn)證了模型的可行性。選取節(jié)理化程度作為變量,比較其可能發(fā)生的巖爆等級(jí)。結(jié)果表明:節(jié)理化程度對(duì)于拱形巷道圍巖發(fā)生巖爆可能性的影響大小為:角點(diǎn)拱肩頂點(diǎn)底中,隨著巖石質(zhì)量的減弱,巷道圍巖可能發(fā)生巖爆的等級(jí)逐漸增強(qiáng)。在含有貫穿節(jié)理的巖體中開(kāi)挖,驗(yàn)證了拱形巷道有節(jié)理處比無(wú)節(jié)理處可能發(fā)生巖爆的等級(jí)大,同時(shí)探討了側(cè)壓系數(shù)對(duì)于節(jié)理特征巖體巖爆的影響。結(jié)果表明:巷道拱頂與底板巖爆等級(jí)均隨測(cè)壓系數(shù)的增加而增加,拱頂可能發(fā)生的巖爆等級(jí)高于底板。綜合得出,矩形巷道的圍巖在側(cè)壓系數(shù)為0.5、高跨比為0.75,以及泥巖的條件下為最穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),可能發(fā)生的巖爆等級(jí)最低。拱形巷道應(yīng)盡量設(shè)置在節(jié)理程度較輕的巖體中,且巷道的頂板及角點(diǎn)在開(kāi)挖過(guò)程中巖爆等級(jí)較大,較為危險(xiǎn)。因此,今后在開(kāi)采過(guò)程中應(yīng)注重頂板以及角點(diǎn)的支護(hù)。
[Abstract]:Rock burst is a difficult problem often encountered in mining orebody. Because it is very destructive, it often brings a lot of problems to construction safety and stability of rock mass, and even leads to major safety accidents, so it is the basis of preventing rock burst disaster. Prediction of rock burst is particularly important. In this paper, according to the main factors affecting rockburst, such as geological structure condition, in-situ stress condition, mine layout condition and so on, the lateral pressure coefficient, height span ratio, lithology and joint degree are selected as the research parameters by using FLAC3D numerical simulation software. This paper analyzes the possibility of rock burst in surrounding rock of roadway under different conditions, in order to predict the influence of these four factors on rock burst, to explore the regularity of rock burst, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of rock burst in the future. The main contents are as follows: according to the geological conditions of Wuyang Coal Mine in Lu'an, Shanxi Province, the rectangular roadway is established, and the feasibility of the model is verified by the maximum principal stress analysis of the roadway. The lateral pressure coefficient is chosen as the variable, and the modified criterion of valley-pottery rockburst is compared as the condition to judge the grade of rock burst. The prediction of rock burst law of rectangular roadway under different lateral pressure coefficient is studied. The results show that the influence of lateral pressure coefficient on the rock burst grade of rectangular roadway is that of roof and floor, and the grade of roof and floor rockburst increases with the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, which is positively correlated. The rock burst grade of rectangular roadway is the lowest when the lateral pressure coefficient is 0.5. The influence of height to span ratio on rock burst grade of rectangular roadway is discussed by selecting the ratio of height to span as variable. The results show that the influence of height to span ratio on roof is slightly greater than that on bottom, and the roof rock burst grade of rectangular roadway shows the trend of "increase, decrease and increase" with the increase of the ratio of height to span, when the ratio of height to span is 0.5, The rock burst grade is the highest and the rock burst grade is the lowest when the ratio of height to span is 0.75. Taking lithology as variable, the rock burst grade of rectangular roadway under three lithologic conditions was compared. The results show that the probability of rock burst in different lithology is granite limestone and mudstone and the hardness of surrounding rock is positively related to the possibility of rock burst on top and bottom plate. The arch section roadway was established and the feasibility of the model was verified by the maximum principal stress analysis. The degree of jointing is chosen as the variable to compare the grade of rockburst that may occur. The results show that the influence of joint degree on the possibility of rockburst in the surrounding rock of arch roadway is as follows: in the top and bottom of corner arch shoulder, with the weakening of rock quality, the grade of rockburst in surrounding rock of roadway may increase gradually. Excavation in rock mass with penetrating joints verifies that the grade of rockburst with joints in arch roadway is larger than that with no joint. At the same time, the influence of lateral pressure coefficient on rock burst of jointed characteristic rock mass is discussed. The results show that the rock burst grade of the vault and floor increases with the increase of the pressure coefficient, and the rockburst grade of the vault is higher than that of the floor. It is concluded that the surrounding rock of rectangular roadway is the most stable under the condition of side pressure coefficient of 0.5, ratio of height to span of 0.75, and mudstone, and the grade of possible rockburst is the lowest. The arch roadway should be set in the rock mass with light joint degree as far as possible, and the roof and corner of the roadway are more dangerous because of the large grade of rockburst during the excavation process. Therefore, in the future mining process should pay attention to roof and corner support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD311

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