【摘要】：層狀邊坡的變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理研究是一個系統(tǒng)工程,包括層狀邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響因素分析,研究區(qū)工程巖體穩(wěn)定性分析及變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理研究,數(shù)值模擬分析方法等,單獨(dú)就某一方面進(jìn)行研究都不能全面地認(rèn)識其變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理。本文以晉寧磷礦層狀邊坡變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理研究為題,從理論分析、力學(xué)分析、數(shù)值模擬等角度,對層狀邊坡的變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理展開深入系統(tǒng)的探討,具體內(nèi)容如下：(1)對層狀巖體的力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行探究,包括層狀巖體的變形與強(qiáng)度各向異性以及結(jié)構(gòu)面的力學(xué)特性。以層狀巖體的力學(xué)特性為理論基礎(chǔ),主要分析了影響層狀邊坡穩(wěn)定性的各個因素,即巖體應(yīng)力、巖層傾角、地層巖性組合、巖體強(qiáng)度、水、邊坡形態(tài)、震動、人為因素及其他。同時使用FLAC/SLOPE建立模型,著重對影響邊坡穩(wěn)定性的內(nèi)因進(jìn)行單因素影響性分析,即巖層傾角、放坡坡角、巖層層厚、巖體強(qiáng)度、層面強(qiáng)度、巖層產(chǎn)狀變化等。(2)基于晉寧磷礦露天開采技術(shù)條件,結(jié)合對邊坡變形破壞特征的統(tǒng)計調(diào)查,對現(xiàn)場的滑坡特征進(jìn)行總結(jié)。對巖體結(jié)構(gòu)面進(jìn)行量測,采用Rocscience Dips軟件將砂頁巖分為三組優(yōu)勢結(jié)構(gòu)面,分別為層面和兩組節(jié)理面。對優(yōu)勢結(jié)構(gòu)面總體幾何特征進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,借助SPSS對分組處理后的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行頻數(shù)直方圖的繪制與均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的計算,得出三組優(yōu)勢結(jié)構(gòu)面的產(chǎn)狀,且驗證優(yōu)勢結(jié)構(gòu)面的變化均服從正態(tài)分布。最后使用赤平極射投影對現(xiàn)場邊坡的穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行評價,得出層面是影響邊坡穩(wěn)定性的優(yōu)勢結(jié)構(gòu)面。分析礦山層狀邊坡變形失穩(wěn)的演化過程,確定邊坡“滑移—彎曲—剪出破壞”的失穩(wěn)機(jī)理及高速平面滑動的失穩(wěn)模式,從力學(xué)角度對層狀邊坡穩(wěn)定性影響因素進(jìn)行研究。(3)使用FLAC3D對層狀邊坡進(jìn)行建模,然后從位移場、應(yīng)力場、剪應(yīng)變特征等方面對邊坡巖土體的力學(xué)響應(yīng)特性進(jìn)行分析得出,隨著邊坡開挖施工的進(jìn)行,開挖面附近的坡緣及產(chǎn)狀變化點處位移最大。高邊坡在開采過程中位移量逐漸增大,巖體向下滑移使其在產(chǎn)狀變化點處受到強(qiáng)烈擠壓而擴(kuò)容,滑移面逐漸貫通并發(fā)展為滑坡。這種滑坡通常具有崩滑的特性,邊坡變形破壞的演化過程證明了“滑移—彎曲—剪出破壞”的失穩(wěn)機(jī)理,失穩(wěn)模式呈現(xiàn)出高位剪出后的高速平面滑動。(4)露天礦邊坡的防治和加固是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)性工程,在查清邊坡工程地質(zhì)條件的基礎(chǔ)上,分析層狀邊坡的變形失穩(wěn)機(jī)理,然后遵循露天開采的特點,提出攔、排、穩(wěn)、固等滑坡防治措施,在局部區(qū)域采取順層清方、抗滑樁、錨桿、注漿、防排水等綜合措施進(jìn)行加固,確保邊坡在采礦期限內(nèi)保持整體的穩(wěn)定性。
[Abstract]:The study of deformation and instability mechanism of layered slope is a systematic project, which includes the analysis of the influencing factors of the stability of layered slope, the stability analysis of engineering rock mass and the mechanism of deformation instability in the study area, the numerical simulation analysis method, etc. The mechanism of deformation instability can not be fully understood by a single study on one aspect. In this paper, the deformation and instability mechanism of the layered slope of Jinning Phosphate Mine is discussed systematically from the angle of theoretical analysis, mechanical analysis and numerical simulation. The main contents are as follows: (1) the mechanical properties of layered rock mass are studied, including deformation and strength anisotropy of layered rock mass and mechanical properties of structural plane. Based on the mechanical properties of layered rock mass, the factors affecting the stability of layered slope are analyzed, including rock mass stress, rock dip angle, stratigraphic lithology combination, rock mass strength, water, slope shape, vibration, artificial factors and other factors. At the same time, the FLAC/SLOPE model is used to analyze the single factor influencing the stability of the slope, that is, the slope angle, the thickness of the rock layer, the strength of the rock mass and the strength of the layer. (2) based on the technical conditions of open-pit mining in Jinning Phosphate Mine, combined with the statistical investigation on the characteristics of slope deformation and failure, the landslide characteristics in the field are summarized. The rock mass structural plane is measured and the sand shale is divided into three groups of dominant structural planes by Rocscience Dips software, which are plane and two sets of joints respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of the total geometric characteristics of the dominant structural plane, the frequency histogram and the mean value and standard deviation of the processed data are drawn with the help of SPSS, and the occurrence of the three groups of dominant structural surfaces is obtained. And it is verified that the change of the dominant structure surface is obeyed from the normal distribution. Finally, the plane projection is used to evaluate the stability of the slope in situ, and it is concluded that the plane is the dominant structural plane that affects the stability of the slope. This paper analyzes the evolution process of the deformation and instability of the layered slope in mines, and determines the instability mechanism of the slope "slip-bending and shearing failure" and the instability model of the high-speed plane sliding. The factors affecting the stability of layered slope are studied from the mechanical point of view. (3) FLAC3D is used to model the layered slope, and then the mechanical response characteristics of rock and soil are analyzed from the displacement field, stress field, shear strain characteristics and so on. With the construction of slope excavation, the displacement of slope edge and occurrence change point near excavating surface is the largest. The displacement of the high slope increases gradually during the mining process, and the downward slip of the rock mass causes it to be squeezed and expanded at the occurrence change point, and the slip plane is gradually through and developed into a landslide. This kind of landslide usually has the characteristics of collapse and slip. The evolution process of slope deformation and failure proves the mechanism of "slipping-bending and shearing failure". The instability mode presents high speed plane sliding after high shear. (4) the prevention and reinforcement of slope in open-pit mine is a complicated systematic project. Based on the investigation of the engineering geological conditions of slope, the deformation and instability mechanism of layered slope is analyzed. Then follow the characteristics of open-pit mining, put forward prevention and control measures for landslide, such as blocking, drainage, stabilization and fixation, and take comprehensive measures in local areas, such as clear side, anti-slide pile, anchor rod, grouting, waterproofing and drainage, to reinforce the local area. Ensure the overall stability of the slope during the mining period.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD87

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