【摘要】：和睦山鐵礦是一個典型的軟巖礦區(qū),其復雜的火成巖成巖環(huán)境,導致其圍巖內賦存有大量軟弱破碎帶與高度發(fā)育的節(jié)理裂隙,且有高膨脹性的泥化閃長巖穿插其中?采礦進路隨著時間的累積與工作面的推進變形破壞嚴重,顯現(xiàn)出明顯的時間與空間效應?因此,軟巖進路變形破壞的時間與空間效應是礦井開采中不可忽視的現(xiàn)象?諸多研究表明,對于具有流變特性的軟巖進路,很多時候其最終的變形破壞往往不是因為圍巖的強度不足,而是由于巖體發(fā)生過大的蠕變變形導致的?針對采礦進路流變破壞問題,基于基本物理實驗、蠕變試驗和數(shù)值模擬等方法,從多個方面對基于時效性充填進路采礦采場圍巖的穩(wěn)定性進行研究,在此基礎上進行基于時效性的進路支護優(yōu)化,并將研究成果應用到了工程實踐中。論文獲得了以下主要研究成果:(1)針對和睦山鐵礦-235 m水平礦巖和充填體試樣,進行常規(guī)三軸壓縮試驗,研究試樣在常規(guī)三軸試驗下強度與變形破壞特征,分析試樣彈性模量、峰值應變和殘余強度與圍壓的關系,得到了礦巖和充填體的基本物理參數(shù)。(2)以和睦山礦巖常規(guī)三軸實驗為基礎,進行礦巖試樣分級加載蠕變試驗,研究和睦山鐵礦礦巖基于時效性的破壞強度和變形特征,研究其蠕變速率與圍壓關系,通過分析巖石蠕變的破壞規(guī)律,建立了符合和睦山巖石蠕變規(guī)律的蠕變模型,并通過數(shù)學軟件Origin進行回歸分析,擬合獲得了和睦山鐵礦礦巖蠕變參數(shù)。(3)基于FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬軟件,對和睦山鐵礦采礦進路不同工況下的圍巖穩(wěn)定性進行研究,得到了不同工況下進路圍巖基于時效性的位移演化規(guī)律。研究了不同采礦進路開挖回采順序對圍巖穩(wěn)定性的交互影響規(guī)律,分析了不同進路開挖回采順序下采場圍巖應力?應變和位移變化規(guī)律,獲得了基于時效性進路最優(yōu)開挖回采順序?分析了基于時效性不同分層充填開采進路開挖充填后的交互影響對采場整體圍巖穩(wěn)定性影響規(guī)律。(4)運用上文研究成果,對和睦山鐵礦基于時效性進路支護參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化,提出基于不同圍巖和不同服務年限的支護建議表。并對-235 m進路不同支護類型下進路圍巖變形規(guī)律進行模擬分析,優(yōu)化了進路支護參數(shù),確定了最合適的支護方式為頂支護幫支護四根錨桿,并通過了現(xiàn)場工程試驗驗證。
[Abstract]:Hushan Iron Mine is a typical soft rock mining area, with its complex igneous environment, resulting in a large number of weak broken zones and highly developed joints and fractures in its surrounding rock. With the accumulation of time and the serious deformation and destruction of the working face, the mining approach shows obvious time and space effects. Therefore, the time and space effect of soft rock roadway deformation and destruction is a phenomenon that can not be ignored in mine mining. Many studies show that the ultimate deformation and failure of soft rock paths with rheological properties are often caused not by insufficient strength of surrounding rock, but by excessive creep deformation of rock mass. Based on the basic physical experiment, creep test and numerical simulation, this paper studies the stability of surrounding rock in mining stope based on time-efficiency filling. On the basis of this, the route support optimization based on timeliness is carried out, and the research results are applied to engineering practice. The main research results are as follows: (1) the conventional triaxial compression tests are carried out for the samples of Hushan Iron Mine -235 m horizontal ore and filling bodies, and the strength and deformation failure characteristics of the specimens under the conventional triaxial test are studied. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the elastic modulus, peak strain and residual strength and confining pressure, the basic physical parameters of ore rock and backfill are obtained. (2) based on the conventional triaxial tests of Hushan ore samples, the creep tests of ore samples under graded loading are carried out. This paper studies the failure strength and deformation characteristics of Hushan iron ore rock based on time-efficiency, studies the relationship between creep rate and confining pressure, and establishes a creep model which accords with the creep law of Hushan rock by analyzing the failure law of rock creep. The creep parameters of Hushan Iron Mine are obtained by regression analysis with the mathematical software Origin. (3) based on the FLAC3D numerical simulation software, the stability of surrounding rock under different working conditions in the mining route of Hushan Iron Mine is studied. The displacement evolution law of the surrounding rock under different working conditions based on time efficiency is obtained. This paper studies the interaction law of mining sequence of different mining entry road excavation on the stability of surrounding rock, and analyzes the surrounding rock stress of stope under different excavation and mining sequence of different entry road. Based on the variation of strain and displacement, the optimal mining sequence of excavation based on time-efficiency approach is obtained. This paper analyzes the interaction effect on the stability of surrounding rock of stope after excavation and filling in different stratified filling mining based on time-effect. (4) based on the above research results, the parameters of Heshan Iron Mine based on time-efficient road support are optimized. The supporting suggestion table based on different surrounding rock and different service life is put forward. The deformation law of surrounding rock under different supporting types of -235 m entry road is simulated and analyzed, the parameters of entry support are optimized, and the most suitable supporting method is determined as four bolting rods of roof support and side support, and it has been verified by field engineering test.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD861.1;TD353

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