【摘要】：薄煤層有多種開采方法，螺旋鉆機(jī)開采是其中的一種，此采煤方法在我國(guó)一些煤礦中已有使用，取得了一定成果。它能夠降低煤層厚度開采下限，最低0.4米就可以開采。因工人不進(jìn)入工作面，安全性高，勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度小，與傳統(tǒng)薄煤層開采相比，具有更多的優(yōu)越性。因此，這種采煤方法具有推廣應(yīng)用和研究的價(jià)值。 論文根據(jù)對(duì)螺旋鉆機(jī)采煤方法的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)應(yīng)用情況和理論分析，詳細(xì)概括和總結(jié)了此采煤方法，并通過相似模擬和數(shù)值模擬開展了系列研究，主要工作如下： （1）提出了9種巷道布置-鉆采順序，可在不同條件下選擇相適應(yīng)的方式作為設(shè)計(jì)考慮。 （2）對(duì)螺旋鉆機(jī)采煤方法的重要鉆采參數(shù)（鉆采寬度和煤柱寬度）進(jìn)行研究，提出了連續(xù)多孔鉆采概念，以代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的單孔鉆采方式。連續(xù)多孔鉆采是指螺旋鉆機(jī)開采薄煤層時(shí)無間隔的連續(xù)鉆采多個(gè)（2個(gè)以上）鉆采孔再留一定的煤柱。依據(jù)鉆采力學(xué)特點(diǎn)，，按照“梁”的理論進(jìn)行鉆采寬度計(jì)算，再用有效面積理論進(jìn)行鉆采煤柱寬度分析，給出了計(jì)算式。計(jì)算式應(yīng)該按照鉆采空區(qū)的不同處理情況進(jìn)行選取，并指出了連續(xù)多孔鉆采參數(shù)確定的一般方法。 （3）進(jìn)行了物理模擬，研究表明：在開采過程中煤柱及圍巖的應(yīng)力要經(jīng)歷不受影響→受到影響緩慢增大→快速增大→緩慢增大→逐漸減小→趨于一定的穩(wěn)定值這個(gè)過程；應(yīng)力是向著中間煤柱方向轉(zhuǎn)移的，中間煤柱承受主要載荷，往兩邊順次減�。惠^硬頂板的鉆采工作面形成“兩邊邊界煤巖體—煤柱—煤壁”的大支撐結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)大面積來壓失穩(wěn)時(shí)，采場(chǎng)煤柱上覆巖層作為整體與邊界煤巖體切斷垮塌；在一定地質(zhì)條件下，鉆采寬度8米及煤柱寬度2米時(shí)，煤柱和圍巖沒有發(fā)生變形等影響鉆采的現(xiàn)象，因此連續(xù)多孔鉆采的方法是可行的。 （4）運(yùn)用FLAC3D數(shù)值模擬，探究其圍巖及煤柱的穩(wěn)定性。鉆采圍巖和煤柱水平方向的拉壓應(yīng)力極低，對(duì)煤柱和圍巖失穩(wěn)幾乎不起作用；圍巖和煤柱主要受豎直方向應(yīng)力作用，且破壞方式主要為剪切破壞。 提出的9種巷道布置-鉆采順序、鉆采寬度和煤柱寬度的確定優(yōu)化了螺旋鉆機(jī)開采方法。煤柱和圍巖穩(wěn)定性的掌握有利于鉆采的礦壓控制。理論分析、物理模擬和數(shù)值模擬都表明薄煤層螺旋鉆機(jī)開采采用連續(xù)多孔鉆采方式的新思路是可行的。這些結(jié)果都對(duì)薄煤層螺旋鉆機(jī)開采設(shè)計(jì)具有一定的參考意義。
[Abstract]:There are many kinds of mining methods in thin coal seam, one of which is spiral drilling machine. This mining method has been used in some coal mines in our country, and some achievements have been made. It can reduce the coal seam thickness mining lower limit, the lowest 0.4 meters can be mined. Because the workers do not enter the working face, the safety is high, the labor intensity is small, compared with the traditional thin coal seam mining, it has more advantages. Therefore, this mining method has the value of popularization, application and research. According to the field application and theoretical analysis of the mining method of spiral drilling machine, this paper summarizes and summarizes the mining method in detail, and carries out a series of research through similarity simulation and numerical simulation. The main work is as follows: (1) 9 kinds of roadway layout-drilling and mining sequence are put forward, which can be considered in different conditions. (2) the important drilling and production parameters (drilling and production width and pillar width) of screw drilling machine are studied, and the concept of continuous porous drilling and production is put forward to replace the traditional single hole drilling and production method. Continuous porous drilling and production refers to the continuous drilling and production of more than 2 drilling holes without interval while the spiral drilling machine is mining thin coal seam and then leaving a certain coal pillar. According to the characteristics of drilling and production mechanics, the drilling and mining width is calculated according to the theory of "beam", and then the effective area theory is used to analyze the width of drill and mining pillar, and the formula is given. The formula should be selected according to the different treatment conditions of the goaf, and the general method for determining the parameters of continuous drilling and production is pointed out. (3) physical simulation is carried out. The results show that the stress of coal pillar and surrounding rock will go through the process of increasing slowly and increasing slowly, increasing slowly and gradually decreasing to a certain stable value during the mining process; The stress is transferred to the intermediate pillar, which bears the main load and decreases successively to the two sides. The large supporting structure of "coal and rock mass, pillar and wall" is formed in the hard roof mining face. When there is a large area pressure instability, the overlying strata on the pillar of the stope as a whole and the boundary coal and rock mass are cut off and collapsed. Under certain geological conditions, when the width of drilling and production is 8 meters and the width of coal pillar is 2 meters, the deformation of coal pillar and surrounding rock does not occur, so the method of continuous porous drilling is feasible. (4) FLAC3D numerical simulation is used to study the stability of surrounding rock and coal pillar. The tensile and compressive stress in horizontal direction of rock and pillar in drilling and mining is very low, which has little effect on the instability of coal pillar and surrounding rock, and the rock and pillar are mainly subjected to vertical stress, and the failure mode is mainly shear failure. Nine kinds of roadway layout, drilling and production sequence, drilling and mining width and coal pillar width are proposed to optimize the mining method of spiral drilling rig. Mastering the stability of coal pillar and surrounding rock is beneficial to the rock pressure control of drilling and mining. Theoretical analysis, physical simulation and numerical simulation all show that the new idea of continuous porous drilling is feasible for spiral drilling machine in thin coal seam. These results are useful for the design of spiral drilling rig in thin coal seam.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD82

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