【摘要】：礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾在社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的進(jìn)程中有著非常重要的意義。它涉及范圍有地理學(xué)、采礦業(yè)、農(nóng)林類、土壤學(xué)、生物學(xué)及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)等,具有數(shù)據(jù)量大、信息復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)。我國(guó)土地復(fù)墾技術(shù)發(fā)展較晚,數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和管理無(wú)法滿足客戶對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)的查詢、更新、分析等信息建設(shè)的要求。為此,建立礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾的信息系統(tǒng)勢(shì)在必行,本文對(duì)已開(kāi)采礦區(qū)信息系統(tǒng)的內(nèi)涵、功能需求進(jìn)行了闡述,并分析了礦區(qū)土地的數(shù)據(jù)組織形式及系統(tǒng)主要功能,包括：圖形處理、數(shù)據(jù)錄入與預(yù)處理、土地復(fù)墾輔助規(guī)劃、查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)、應(yīng)用模型、三維模擬等。以北京市門頭溝區(qū)清水鎮(zhèn)西達(dá)摩礦區(qū)為研究對(duì)象,VB、VC為開(kāi)發(fā)工具,建立了礦區(qū)土地復(fù)墾信息系統(tǒng),用該系統(tǒng)分析了西達(dá)摩礦區(qū)土地的基本狀況,對(duì)土地的合理規(guī)劃提供依據(jù)。 (1)對(duì)土地評(píng)價(jià)系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),完成了土地信息的收集,篩選,入庫(kù),地理信息編碼等工作； (2)利用人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)法中訓(xùn)練好的B-P模型和模糊數(shù)學(xué)方法對(duì)復(fù)墾土地進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),確定土地的等級(jí),將神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與模糊數(shù)學(xué)的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,分析兩種模型的誤差精度在0.1%～5%之間； (3)用遺傳算法進(jìn)行了土地資源的優(yōu)化配置,對(duì)復(fù)墾提供輔助決策依據(jù),耕地2500畝,林地900畝,牧地600畝,工業(yè)用地200畝,風(fēng)景用地200畝。年效益值達(dá)到880萬(wàn)元,比歷年的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益值高出近8倍。實(shí)現(xiàn)了土地利用和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益取向最大化； (4)上世紀(jì)泥石流災(zāi)害對(duì)礦區(qū)人民生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全造成巨大損失。為了對(duì)崩、滑、流地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行安全防控,對(duì)該地區(qū)最大降雨量進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬。據(jù)其結(jié)果,采用擋土墻加固松散土體、截排水溝疏散汛期排水,防治泥石流災(zāi)害效果顯著； (5)應(yīng)用GIS的空間分析功能,估算出擋土墻、排水溝所用土石方量。編寫OpenGL接口程序?qū)?DMax與GIS一體化表達(dá),實(shí)現(xiàn)了礦區(qū)復(fù)墾三維可視化虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)。
[Abstract]:Land reclamation in mining area is of great significance in the process of social sustainable development. It covers geography, mining, agriculture and forestry, soil, biology and social economics, and has the characteristics of large amount of data and complex information. Land reclamation technology in China is developing late, and data storage and management can not meet the requirements of customer information construction, such as query, update, analysis and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to establish an information system for land reclamation in mining areas. This paper expounds the connotation and functional requirements of the information system in mining areas, and analyzes the data organization forms and main functions of the system in mining areas. Including: graphics processing, data input and preprocessing, land reclamation assistance planning, query statistics, application model, three-dimensional simulation and so on. Taking the west Damo mining area of Qingshui Town, Mentougou District, Beijing as the research object and VB,VC as the development tool, the land reclamation information system of the mining area is set up, and the basic condition of the land in the west Damo mining area is analyzed with the system. To provide the basis for the rational planning of the land. (1) the database of the land evaluation system is designed, and the collection, screening, storage and coding of the land information are completed. (2) the B-P model and fuzzy mathematics method, which are trained in artificial neural network method, are used to evaluate the reclaimed land, the grade of land is determined, and the evaluation results of neural network and fuzzy mathematics are compared. The error accuracy of the two models is between 0.1% and 5%. (3) the optimal allocation of land resources is carried out by genetic algorithm, which provides auxiliary decision basis for reclamation. 2500 mu of cultivated land, 900 mu of woodland, 600 mu of pastoral land, 200 mu of industrial land and 200 mu of landscape land. The annual benefit value is 8.8 million yuan, which is nearly 8 times higher than that of previous years. Land use and economic benefits are maximized. (4) debris flow disaster in the last century has caused huge losses to the safety of people's lives and property in mining areas. In order to prevent and control geological hazards such as avalanche, slip and flow, the maximum rainfall in this area is simulated numerically. According to the results, the loose soil is strengthened by retaining wall, and the drainage in flood season is cut off, and the effect of debris flow prevention and control is remarkable. (5) using the spatial analysis function of GIS, the amount of earth and stone used in retaining wall and drainage ditch is estimated. OpenGL interface program is written to express 3DMax and GIS in an integrated way to realize 3D visual virtual reality of mining reclamation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD88

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本文編號(hào)：2315934