【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)陸上勘探的發(fā)展,勘探開發(fā)難度逐漸加大,地震資料處理的難度也越來(lái)越大,地震資料解釋對(duì)資料處理精度的需求也愈來(lái)愈高,疊后偏移及疊前時(shí)間偏移難以滿足高精度構(gòu)造成像及儲(chǔ)層描述的需要,疊前深度偏移越來(lái)越被重視。本文主要研究三維地震資料疊前偏移數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)備、速度建模及疊前逆時(shí)偏移的方法技術(shù)。計(jì)算效率高,對(duì)陡傾角地層有一定適應(yīng)能力的Kichhoff積分法疊前深度偏移在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用廣泛,它之所以在生產(chǎn)中占有如此重要的位置主要是由于它的計(jì)算效率高、適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),且與其相配套的偏移速度分析方法相對(duì)完善,但其存在一定的缺點(diǎn),譬如容易產(chǎn)生假頻、振幅保真性差、成像精度不高及多路徑問(wèn)題等。波動(dòng)方程相對(duì)Kichhoff疊前深度偏移來(lái)說(shuō),其在計(jì)算過(guò)程中通過(guò)波場(chǎng)延拓來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),不考慮走時(shí)和振幅,成像精度高,振幅保真性好,地震波動(dòng)力學(xué)特征能得到很好的保持,隨著GPU技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,其計(jì)算量大的問(wèn)題也得到了解決,工業(yè)化程度愈來(lái)愈高,因此,基于波動(dòng)方程的疊前深度偏移技術(shù)已經(jīng)成為今后疊前偏移技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。速度模型是疊前深度偏移的核心要素,偏移是對(duì)其檢驗(yàn)的的方法,兩者關(guān)系密不可分,本文結(jié)合蘇北某區(qū)的實(shí)際地震資料特點(diǎn),在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出了適應(yīng)于本研究區(qū)域的疊前深度偏移方法。本文針對(duì)該區(qū)地震資料特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用Omega、Marvel處理系統(tǒng),通過(guò)多屬性一致性處理、相對(duì)振幅保持與保真精細(xì)處理、高精度速度分析、高分辨率、高精度疊前成像等處理技術(shù),提高了地震成像精度,取得了波組特征清晰、斷層歸位準(zhǔn)確、高分辨率、地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象明顯的高品質(zhì)三維地震成果,戴南組地層超覆尖滅點(diǎn)清楚、阜三段內(nèi)幕反射波組清晰,為整體研究某區(qū)沉積相帶、巖性展布及油氣成藏規(guī)律,開展構(gòu)造精細(xì)描述、砂體與儲(chǔ)層預(yù)測(cè)、尋找有利相帶及隱蔽性圈閉研究提供了可靠的基礎(chǔ)資料。
[Abstract]:With the development of onshore exploration in China, the difficulty of exploration and development is gradually increasing, the difficulty of seismic data processing is becoming more and more difficult, and the demand of seismic data interpretation for data processing accuracy is becoming higher and higher. Post-stack migration and prestack time migration are difficult to meet the needs of high-precision structural imaging and reservoir description. Prestack depth migration has been paid more and more attention. In this paper, the methods and techniques of prestack migration data preparation, velocity modeling and prestack inverse time migration of 3D seismic data are studied. The Kichhoff integration prestack depth migration, which has high computational efficiency and has certain adaptability to steep dip formation, is widely used in industrial production. The reason why it occupies such an important position in production is mainly due to its high computational efficiency and strong adaptability. The corresponding migration velocity analysis method is relatively perfect, but it has some shortcomings, such as easy to produce false frequency, poor fidelity of amplitude, low imaging accuracy and multi-path problem. Compared with Kichhoff prestack depth migration, the wave equation is realized by wave field continuation in the calculation process, without considering the travel time and amplitude, the imaging accuracy is high, the amplitude fidelity is good, and the dynamic characteristics of seismic wave can be well preserved. With the development of GPU technology, the problem of large amount of computation has been solved, and the degree of industrialization is becoming higher and higher. Therefore, the wave equation based prestack depth migration technology has become the development direction of prestack migration technology in the future. Velocity model is the core element of prestack depth migration and migration is the method to test it. The relationship between velocity model and velocity model is inseparable. The prestack depth migration method suitable for the study area is summarized. According to the characteristics of seismic data in this area, this paper applies Omega,Marvel processing system, through multi-attribute consistency processing, relative amplitude preservation and fidelity fine processing, high precision velocity analysis, high resolution, high precision prestack imaging and other processing techniques. The seismic imaging accuracy is improved, the wave group features are clear, the fault homing is accurate, the high resolution is high, and the geological phenomenon is obvious. The formation of Dainan formation has clear overlying and pinning point, and the inside reflection wave group of the third member of Fu is clear. It provides reliable basic data for the study of sedimentary facies zone, lithologic distribution and oil and gas accumulation law, fine structural description, sand body and reservoir prediction, and searching for favorable facies zones and hidden traps in a certain area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)石油大學(xué)(華東)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：P631.4

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