【摘要】：煤炭是我國(guó)重要的基礎(chǔ)能源,其儲(chǔ)量在世界排名位列第三,在我國(guó)能源開(kāi)發(fā)利用比重中煤炭資源占據(jù)絕對(duì)的主導(dǎo)地位,煤炭資源的大規(guī)模、高強(qiáng)度開(kāi)采一方面為我國(guó)基礎(chǔ)建設(shè)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展提供能源支持,另一面也給礦區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境帶來(lái)嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。煤炭資源高強(qiáng)度大范圍開(kāi)采,導(dǎo)致礦區(qū)的采空區(qū)面積不斷增大,引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的礦區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題,對(duì)開(kāi)采沉陷進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)、研究分析礦區(qū)沉降規(guī)律對(duì)解決礦區(qū)環(huán)境問(wèn)題至關(guān)重要。常規(guī)的監(jiān)測(cè)方法在一定程度上可以滿(mǎn)足礦區(qū)沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)的要求,但存在勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、效率低下等問(wèn)題。新興的DIn SAR技術(shù)具有全天候、全天時(shí)獲取大面積區(qū)域沉降的能力,觀測(cè)精度達(dá)到厘米甚至毫米量級(jí),但由于受時(shí)間和空間基線失相關(guān)、大氣延遲的影響,降低了該技術(shù)的測(cè)量精度進(jìn)而制約了其在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間形變監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用。高級(jí)時(shí)序SAR技術(shù)可以克服時(shí)空基線失相干、大氣相位延遲等問(wèn)題,能夠獲取觀測(cè)區(qū)域高分辨率、高精度、長(zhǎng)時(shí)間序列的地面形變,在礦區(qū)沉降監(jiān)測(cè)方面具有巨大的應(yīng)用前景。本文主要采用Stacking技術(shù)、Sta MPS技術(shù)、Sta MPS/MTI技術(shù)對(duì)礦區(qū)地表沉降進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),主要研究工作及成果如下:(1)根據(jù)時(shí)間基線、垂直基線以及頻率基線構(gòu)建綜合相干系數(shù)模型,挑選公共主影像,利用Sta MPS技術(shù)對(duì)沛北地區(qū)12景ALOS衛(wèi)星影像進(jìn)行處理,分析了礦區(qū)的沉降速率、時(shí)序沉降變化,指出Sta MPS技術(shù)使用ALOS衛(wèi)星影像存在的問(wèn)題以及該技術(shù)在監(jiān)測(cè)煤礦開(kāi)采沉陷區(qū)域的適用性。(2)分別使用Sta MPS、Stacking、Sta MPS/MTI三種時(shí)序SAR技術(shù)對(duì)13景Terra SAR數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,分析Sta MPS/MTI技術(shù)獲取的DEM殘差相位、衛(wèi)星軌道誤差相位以及大氣延遲相位對(duì)監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果的影響,對(duì)比分析三種時(shí)序SAR技術(shù)獲得的沉降速率、時(shí)序沉降變化、累計(jì)沉降值等方面的差異性。(3)利用Sta MPS/MTI技術(shù)獲得的沉降速率、時(shí)序累計(jì)沉降值對(duì)礦區(qū)的地表沉降進(jìn)行分析。在礦區(qū)2310工作面分別以100m為間隔提取4個(gè)觀測(cè)點(diǎn),分析沉降值隨時(shí)間的變化特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)沉降值隨時(shí)間成線性變化規(guī)律;在工作面走向方向和傾向方向布設(shè)觀測(cè)點(diǎn),提取觀測(cè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)序累計(jì)沉降值,分析各工作面在走向方向和傾向方向的沉降規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:Coal is an important basic energy source in our country, and its reserves rank third in the world. Coal resources occupy an absolute dominant position in the proportion of energy exploitation and utilization in China. On the one hand, the large-scale and high-intensity mining of coal resources is the basic construction of our country. Economic development provides energy support, on the other hand, it also brings severe challenges to the ecological environment of mining areas. The high intensity and large-scale mining of coal resources leads to the continuous increase of goaf area in mining area, which leads to serious ecological environmental problems in mining area, and carries out real-time dynamic monitoring of mining subsidence. It is very important to study and analyze the settlement law of mining area to solve the environmental problem of mining area. The conventional monitoring method can meet the requirements of mining subsidence monitoring to a certain extent, but there are some problems such as high labor intensity and low efficiency. The emerging DIn SAR technology has the ability to obtain large area subsidence all day, and the observation accuracy reaches centimeter or even millimeter, but due to the time and space baseline loss, the atmospheric delay is affected. The accuracy of this technique is reduced and its application in long time deformation monitoring is restricted. The advanced time series SAR technique can overcome the problems of spatiotemporal baseline incoherence and atmospheric phase delay, and can obtain the ground deformation of high resolution, high precision and long time series in the observation area. It has a great application prospect in monitoring the subsidence of mining area. In this paper, Stacking technology, Sta MPS technology and Sta MPS/MTI technology are used to monitor the surface subsidence of mining area. The main research work and results are as follows: (1) according to the time baseline, vertical baseline and frequency baseline, the integrated coherence coefficient model is constructed. The common main image is selected, and the 12 ALOS satellite images in Peibei area are processed by using Sta MPS technology. The subsidence rate and time series settlement change of the mining area are analyzed. This paper points out the problems existing in using ALOS satellite images in Sta MPS technology and its applicability in monitoring subsidence areas of coal mining. (2) the 13 scene Terra SAR data are processed by Sta MPS,Stacking,Sta MPS/MTI three time series SAR techniques, respectively. The effects of DEM residual phase, satellite orbit error phase and atmospheric delay phase obtained by Sta MPS/MTI technology on the monitoring results are analyzed. (3) the subsidence rate obtained by Sta MPS/MTI technique and the time series cumulative settlement value are used to analyze the surface subsidence of mining area. Four observation points were extracted from 2310 face of mining area at intervals of 100m, and the variation characteristics of settlement value with time were analyzed, and it was found that settlement value changed linearly with time. The observation points are set up in the direction of direction and inclination of working face, the time series cumulative settlement value of observation point is extracted, and the settlement law of each face in the direction of direction and inclination is analyzed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TD325.4

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