【摘要】：本文是以EBZ132型掘進機截割部減速器為研究對象。該減速器是一種具有二級行星齒輪系的減速裝置,其具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、外形尺寸小、傳動比大、可靠性好等優(yōu)點。由于該掘進機主要用于煤炭、隧道等掘進工作,其工作環(huán)境復(fù)雜、惡劣,以及減速器行星齒輪系自身的嚙合沖擊等原因,該減速器裝置在工作時會產(chǎn)生很大的振動并輻射出較大噪聲。減速器產(chǎn)生的振動會影響其工作的穩(wěn)定性和安全性,甚至導致減速器的零部件損壞。因此,對該減速器進行減振降噪的研究是十分必要的。在研究的過程中,首先分析了該減速器產(chǎn)生振動噪聲的機理,發(fā)現(xiàn)了減速器的振動與噪聲主要是由齒輪的動態(tài)嚙合力引起的,而動態(tài)嚙合力主要受齒輪的剛度激勵、誤差激勵和齒輪嚙合激勵等影響。減速器內(nèi)部齒輪嚙合產(chǎn)生的振動與噪聲主要通過固體聲傳遞到減速器箱體,并引起減速器箱體的受迫振動而將噪聲輻射出來。其次,為了對該減速器進行減振降噪的分析,首先對減速器行星齒輪系的齒輪輪齒誤差進行了分析,得出了對減速器振動和噪聲有較大影響的齒形誤差是按正態(tài)分布規(guī)律變化的隨機變量。然后應(yīng)用了MATLAB軟件編程生成了含齒形誤差的減速器各齒輪齒廓漸開線曲線,從而建立了實際情況下的誤差齒輪模型。接著應(yīng)用了相關(guān)軟件對該減速器進行了動力學分析。其中,在ADAMS軟件中對減速器行星齒輪系進行了動力學分析,獲取了誤差齒輪的動態(tài)嚙合力曲線。在Workbench軟件中對減速器箱體進行了模態(tài)分析和振動響應(yīng)分析,獲取了箱體的固有振動特性和振動位移響應(yīng)幅頻特性曲線。最后,應(yīng)用了聲學仿真軟件LMS Virtual.Lab的聲學邊界元模塊對該減速器進行噪聲仿真分析,獲取了減速器表面輻射噪聲的大小以及箱體聲學板塊貢獻量。并根據(jù)減速器箱體振動響應(yīng)分析和聲學板塊貢獻量分析的結(jié)果,在該減速器箱體局部振動和噪聲較大的位置分別添加了平行型加強筋、交錯型加強筋以及不同厚度的阻尼層,并對比分析這些不同的改進方案對減速器振動噪聲的控制效果。通過對比改進前后減速器噪聲仿真分析的結(jié)果,得出了對減速器箱體添加交錯型加強筋與添加4mm的阻尼層,是該減速器振動與噪聲的兩種改進方案中最合理的改進方法。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the EBZ132 type roadheader cutting part reducer as the research object. The reducer is a reducer with secondary planetary gear system. It has the advantages of compact structure, small shape size, large transmission ratio and good reliability. Because the roadheader is mainly used in coal, tunnel and other tunneling work, its working environment is complex, bad, and the meshing impact of the planetary gear system of the reducer, etc. The reducer will produce a lot of vibration and noise when it works. The vibration of the reducer will affect the stability and safety of the reducer, and even cause damage to the parts of the reducer. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration and noise reduction of the reducer. In the course of the research, the mechanism of vibration and noise of the reducer is analyzed. It is found that the vibration and noise of the reducer are mainly caused by the dynamic meshing force of the gear, and the dynamic meshing force is mainly excited by the stiffness of the gear. Error excitation and gear meshing excitation and so on. The vibration and noise generated by gear meshing in the reducer are mainly transmitted to the reducer box by solid sound, and the noise is radiated out by the forced vibration of the reducer box. Secondly, in order to analyze the vibration and noise reduction of the reducer, the gear tooth error of the planetary gear system of the reducer is analyzed. It is concluded that the tooth shape error, which has great influence on the vibration and noise of the reducer, is a random variable varying according to the normal distribution law. Then, the involute curve of gear profile of reducer with tooth shape error is generated by using MATLAB software, and the error gear model is established in practice. Then the dynamic analysis of the reducer is carried out by using the related software. Among them, the dynamic analysis of planetary gear system of reducer is carried out in ADAMS software, and the dynamic meshing force curve of error gear is obtained. The modal analysis and vibration response analysis of the reducer box are carried out in Workbench software, and the inherent vibration characteristics and amplitude frequency characteristic curves of the vibration displacement response are obtained. Finally, the acoustic boundary element module of the acoustic simulation software LMS Virtual.Lab is used to simulate the noise of the reducer, and the size of the noise emitted from the surface of the reducer and the contribution of the acoustic plate of the box are obtained. According to the results of vibration response analysis and acoustic plate contribution analysis of the reducer box, parallel stiffeners, staggered stiffeners and damping layers of different thickness are added to the local vibration and noise position of the reducer box, respectively. The control effects of these improved schemes on the vibration and noise of reducer are compared and analyzed. By comparing the results of noise simulation of the reducer before and after the improvement, it is concluded that adding staggered stiffener and damping layer of 4mm to the reducer box is the most reasonable way to improve the vibration and noise of the reducer.
【學位授予單位】：武漢理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD421.5

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