【摘要】：針對(duì)陜南秦嶺山區(qū)的礦山環(huán)境損害,選取4個(gè)市86個(gè)不同礦種礦山,在實(shí)地調(diào)查與取樣的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)礦區(qū)主要的環(huán)境問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了識(shí)別和分析。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室樣品檢測(cè)和研究區(qū)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)收集與整理分析,水體及土壤污染較為突出,選取影響比較大的因素如各類地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、水土流失、植被破壞、土地占用等作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。對(duì)選中的指標(biāo)構(gòu)造層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型,采用層次分析法進(jìn)行權(quán)重計(jì)算,并對(duì)不易定量的指標(biāo)按照事先制定好的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行定性賦分,量化指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)。分別建立模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)模型和物元可拓模型,將秦嶺山區(qū)礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害劃分為輕度損害、中度損害、重度損害三個(gè)等級(jí),計(jì)算各指標(biāo)對(duì)模型的隸屬度,通過(guò)權(quán)重系數(shù)與隸屬度的模糊運(yùn)算確定評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí),將兩種方法的結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得出最終結(jié)論。論文主要結(jié)論如下:(1)礦區(qū)關(guān)鍵的環(huán)境損害問(wèn)題是環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞與地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。環(huán)境污染主要是礦區(qū)水體和土壤重金屬污染較嚴(yán)重;生態(tài)方面,開(kāi)采破壞植被和含水層,加劇了水土流失;地災(zāi)方面則以崩塌和滑坡為代表;(2)在礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害評(píng)價(jià)中,植被破壞對(duì)陜南礦區(qū)環(huán)境損害的貢獻(xiàn)值最大,達(dá)到了 0.24,其次分別為泥石流、水土流失、水資源破壞、地面塌陷、水體重金屬污染、土地占用與破壞、滑坡和土壤重金屬污染,崩塌(0.02)對(duì)環(huán)境損害的影響最小:(3)模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)法與物元可拓評(píng)價(jià)法的評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果一致,為中度損害,相互印證了彼此的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:In view of the mine environmental damage in Qinling Mountain area of South Shaanxi Province, 86 different mines in 4 cities were selected, and the main environmental problems in the mining area were identified and analyzed on the basis of field investigation and sampling. Through the collection and analysis of laboratory samples and related data in the research area, the pollution of water and soil is more prominent, and the factors that have a great influence on it, such as various geological hazards, soil erosion, vegetation destruction, land occupation and so on, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the hierarchical structure model of the selected index, the weight is calculated by AHP, and the index which is not easy to be quantified is qualitatively graded according to the pre-established standard, and the index data is quantified. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and matter-element extension model are established respectively. The environmental damage in Qinling mountain area is divided into three grades: mild damage, moderate damage and severe damage. The membership degree of each index to the model is calculated. The evaluation grade is determined by fuzzy operation of weight coefficient and membership degree. The results of the two methods are compared and analyzed, and the final conclusion is drawn. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the key problems of environmental damage in mining area are environmental pollution, ecological damage and geological hazard. Environmental pollution is mainly caused by heavy metal pollution in water and soil of mining area; ecologically, mining destroys vegetation and aquifer, which intensifies soil and water loss; disaster is represented by collapse and landslide; (2) in environmental damage assessment of mining area, The contribution of vegetation damage to environmental damage in the mining area of southern Shaanxi is the largest, reaching 0.24, followed by debris flow, soil erosion, water resources destruction, ground collapse, water body heavy metal pollution, land occupation and destruction, landslide and soil heavy metal pollution. The impact of collapse (0.02) on environmental damage is the least. (3) the evaluation results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and matter-element extension evaluation method are consistent, which are moderate damage, and mutually confirm the conclusion of each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD167

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 邱偉鵬;黃耀裔;蘇建云;;基于模糊數(shù)學(xué)評(píng)判法對(duì)福建省晉江市海水入侵現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)[J];商丘師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2017年03期

2 宋世杰;趙曉光;張勇;聶文杰;;井下采煤影響礦區(qū)坡面形態(tài)及侵蝕的數(shù)值模擬分析[J];安全與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2016年04期

3 YU Han-qing;LI Yong;ZHOU Na;Adrian Chappell;LI Xiao-yu;Jean Poesen;;Soil nutrient loss due to tuber crop harvesting and its environmental impact in the North China Plain[J];Journal of Integrative Agriculture;2016年07期

4 李海東;沈渭?jí)?賈明;張濤;;大型露天礦山生態(tài)破壞與環(huán)境污染損失的評(píng)估[J];南京林業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年06期

5 劉s，

本文編號(hào)：2285404