【摘要】：當(dāng)前空場法采礦仍是采礦效率較高、成本較低的采礦方法之一,該采礦方法在我國地下礦中占有較大比例的比例。其礦房回采后,留下大量采空區(qū)。及時采取技術(shù)可行、經(jīng)濟合理、簡便適用的方法處理采空區(qū),是保障下部生產(chǎn)階段作業(yè)人員和設(shè)備的安全的必要工藝之一。根據(jù)礦山的工程地質(zhì)條件,在國內(nèi)外采空區(qū)處理技術(shù)發(fā)展過程的基礎(chǔ)上,通過力學(xué)分析計算,開展了適合礦山具體情況的爆破誘導(dǎo)冒落法處理采空區(qū)。圍繞這一課題大體在下列一些方面進(jìn)行研究:通過腦峪門鐵礦采空區(qū)現(xiàn)場調(diào)查,生成腦峪門鐵礦采空區(qū)現(xiàn)狀的三維模型;通過分析了礦山的礦、巖的物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)及穩(wěn)固性,確定采用誘導(dǎo)冒落的方法處理采空區(qū)。根據(jù)誘導(dǎo)冒落原理,結(jié)合礦山下一步的采用無底柱分段崩落法的規(guī)劃,確定采用中深孔爆破進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)冒落的方法。通過數(shù)值計算,分析計算誘導(dǎo)上盤圍巖大面積冒落所需要的空間,為爆破設(shè)計提供依據(jù)。根據(jù)誘導(dǎo)冒落的需要,確定爆破范圍,設(shè)計爆破參數(shù),并進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的驗算,保證爆破后形成足夠的緩沖層,且滿足周圍的構(gòu)筑物對爆破震動的要求。根據(jù)設(shè)計資料,組織現(xiàn)場工程試驗,并在施工過程中,調(diào)整優(yōu)化爆破方案;通過現(xiàn)場試驗,形成了足夠厚度的緩沖層,進(jìn)一步冒落后,采空區(qū)得到了有效處理,相應(yīng)地在地表形成了大量下沉。通過這幾個方面的研究工作及現(xiàn)場的工程試驗,確定了該礦山采用中深孔爆破誘導(dǎo)冒落處理采空區(qū)的技術(shù)方案,較好地解決了以前采空區(qū)處理存在的施工難度大、成本高、效率低的實際問題。通過現(xiàn)場工程應(yīng)用,針對礦山工程地質(zhì)條件,驗證了該方法是適應(yīng)該礦山的高效率、低成本、安全性高的采空區(qū)處理方法。
[Abstract]:At present, open-pit mining is still one of the mining methods with high mining efficiency and low cost, which accounts for a large proportion of underground mines in China. The mine house after mining, leaving a large number of goaf. It is one of the necessary processes to ensure the safety of the workers and equipment in the lower production stage by adopting timely and feasible, economical, reasonable and simple and applicable methods to deal with the goaf. According to the engineering geological conditions of the mine, on the basis of the development process of the goaf treatment technology at home and abroad and through the mechanical analysis and calculation, the blasting induced caving method suitable for the specific conditions of the mine is carried out to deal with the goaf. The research on this subject is carried out in the following aspects: through the field investigation of goaf in Naoyumen Iron Mine, the 3D model of the present situation of goaf in Naoyumen Iron Mine is generated, and the physical and mechanical properties and stability of the ore and rock are analyzed. The method of induced caving was adopted to deal with the goaf. According to the principle of induced caving, combined with the planning of sublevel caving without bottom pillar, the method of inducing caving by medium and long hole blasting is determined. Through numerical calculation, the space needed to induce large area caving of upper wall rock is analyzed and calculated, which provides the basis for blasting design. According to the need of induced caving, the blasting range is determined, the blasting parameters are designed, and the corresponding checking calculation is carried out to ensure the formation of sufficient buffer layer after blasting and to meet the requirements of the surrounding structures for blasting vibration. According to the design data, the field engineering test is organized, and the blasting scheme is adjusted and optimized during the construction process. Through the field test, a buffer layer with sufficient thickness is formed, further falling behind, and the goaf is effectively treated. Accordingly, a great deal of subsidence was formed on the surface of the earth. Through the research work in these aspects and the field engineering test, the technical scheme of treating goaf with medium and deep hole blasting induced caving in this mine has been determined, which has solved the difficulty and high cost in the construction of goaf treatment in the past. A practical problem of inefficiency. According to the geological conditions of mine engineering, the method is proved to be a high efficiency, low cost and high safety goaf treatment method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD861.1;TD325.3

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