【摘要】：煤層開采引起采場周圍巖體應力的重新分布,在回采空間前后方及兩側的煤體和煤柱上出現應力增高區(qū),在回采空間邊緣出現應力降低區(qū)。充分利用開采引起的圍巖應力的分布規(guī)律,將下煤層回采巷道布置在采空區(qū)下方,使巷道位于應力降低區(qū)內,但是下煤層回采巷道與回采空間位置和采掘時間關系的不同,引起巷道圍巖應力變化和圍巖變形的不同,下煤層回采巷道受鄰近上煤層工作面回采時,又受到上煤層鄰近工作面回采動壓影響。本文針對寨崖底礦下煤層巷道變形嚴重的問題,運用理論分析、數值模擬、現場調查和工業(yè)性試驗相結合的方法,對受鄰近上煤層工作面采動影響的下煤層巷道的圍巖破壞機理進行了分析,研究了寨崖底礦下煤層回采巷道變形原因并提出了可靠的加固技術,主要內容如下:(1)失穩(wěn)機理:通過理論計算、數值模擬、現場實測分析了下煤層3905回風順槽的破壞原因;得出下煤層回采巷道失穩(wěn)的根本原因在于鄰近上煤層工作面回采動壓影響導致煤柱附近采空區(qū)下水平應力相對變化遠遠大于垂直應力的相對變化,水平應力峰值是垂直應力峰值的5倍,整個巷道承受較大的水平應力,頂底板剪切破壞嚴重。(2)加固技術:提出“大直徑高預應力錨索+單體液壓支柱輔助支護”技術,很好地控制在采動動壓影響下導致的水平應力過大而致使巷道剪切變形嚴重問題。預應力錨索使巷道頂板在原支護系統(tǒng)下的頂板保持整體性,發(fā)揮原支護系統(tǒng)性能,防止錨桿錨索破斷連鎖反應。單體液壓支柱輔助支護,能夠有效的應對采動過程中頂板應力的急劇調整�！邦A應力錨索+單體液壓支柱輔助支護”從根本上控制了巷道變形破壞,保證了巷道頂板的安全有效使用。(3)工業(yè)實踐:提出了寨崖底礦下煤層受鄰近上煤層工作面采動及煤柱集中應力影響下的巷道控制圍巖的加固技術并成功進行了工業(yè)性試驗。寨崖底礦下煤層動壓回采巷道采用“大直徑高預緊力錨索+單體液壓支柱輔助支護”加固支護技術,有效控制了巷道圍巖強烈變形,并取得良好的支護效果,為類似條件的巷道支護提供了參考價值。
[Abstract]:Because of the redistribution of rock stress around the stope caused by coal seam mining, the stress increasing area appears in the coal body and pillar before and after the mining space and on both sides, and the stress decreasing area appears at the edge of the mining space. In order to make full use of the distribution law of surrounding rock stress caused by mining, the mining roadway of the lower coal seam is arranged under the goaf to make the roadway located in the stress reduction area, but the relationship between the space position and the mining time of the mining roadway in the lower coal seam is different. The change of surrounding rock stress and the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway are different. When the roadway of lower coal seam is mined by the adjacent upper coal face, it is also affected by the dynamic pressure of mining near the upper coal seam. In this paper, aiming at the serious problem of roadway deformation under Ziya coal mine, the method of combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, field investigation and industrial test is used. In this paper, the failure mechanism of surrounding rock of roadway in lower coal seam affected by mining movement of adjacent upper coal face is analyzed, the reason of deformation of mining roadway under coal seam under Zhaiya coal mine is studied, and the reliable reinforcement technology is put forward. The main contents are as follows: (1) the mechanism of instability: through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation and field measurement, the failure reasons of the 3905 return air trench in the lower coal seam are analyzed; It is concluded that the fundamental reason for the instability of mining roadway in the lower coal seam is that the influence of the mining dynamic pressure on the adjacent upper coal face results in the relative variation of horizontal stress in the goaf near the coal pillar far greater than the relative change of the vertical stress. The peak value of horizontal stress is 5 times of the peak value of vertical stress. The whole roadway bears large horizontal stress, and the roof and floor shear damage is serious. (2) strengthening technology: the technique of "large diameter and high prestressed anchor single hydraulic support" is put forward. Under the influence of mining dynamic pressure, the horizontal stress is too large, which leads to the serious problem of shear deformation of roadway. The prestressed anchor cable keeps the roof of the roadway roof intact under the original support system, exerts the performance of the original support system, and prevents the chain reaction of bolt and anchor cable breaking. Single hydraulic prop support can effectively cope with the sharp adjustment of roof stress in mining process. "Pre-stressed Anchorage cable single hydraulic prop auxiliary support" has fundamentally controlled the roadway deformation and destruction, It ensures the safe and effective use of roadway roof. (3) Industrial practice: the reinforcement technology of roadway controlling surrounding rock under the influence of mining movement of adjacent upper coal face and coal pillar concentration stress under the coal seam under Zhaiya coal mine is put forward and the industrial test is carried out successfully. Under the coal seam dynamic pressure mining roadway of Zhaiya coal mine, the "large diameter and high pretension anchor cable single hydraulic prop auxiliary support" is used to strengthen and support the roadway, which effectively controls the strong deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and obtains good supporting effect. It provides reference value for roadway support under similar conditions.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TD353

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