【摘要】：木材加工行業(yè)是涉及粉塵危害的行業(yè),作業(yè)過程中產(chǎn)生的木粉塵若得不到及時(shí)有效的處理,將會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅員工的健康和環(huán)境的安全。木工鏤銑機(jī)床作為木加工行業(yè)里應(yīng)用廣泛的一類設(shè)備,具有產(chǎn)塵濃度高、治理不規(guī)范等特點(diǎn),人們對(duì)該崗位下的粉塵運(yùn)動(dòng)和分布規(guī)律現(xiàn)狀認(rèn)識(shí)較為模糊,同時(shí)其除塵技術(shù)發(fā)展還停留在經(jīng)驗(yàn)階段,因此鏤銑作業(yè)除塵設(shè)施存在設(shè)置隨意、除塵效果不理想等問題,這給該崗位的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行帶來了較大隱患。因此研究該崗位下產(chǎn)生粉塵的特性及分布規(guī)律,對(duì)于鏤銑作業(yè)粉塵治理和人員防護(hù)工作具有重大意義。本文采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定相結(jié)合的方法,基于CFD軟件、氣固兩相流模型和DPM離散相模型,對(duì)鏤銑作業(yè)過程中產(chǎn)生粉塵的基本特性和影響因素,不同除塵工況的粉塵分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究,以哈爾濱某木材加工企業(yè)鏤銑崗位為例,對(duì)粉塵濃度進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè),具體工作內(nèi)容如下:1.對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外木粉塵研究現(xiàn)狀、氣固兩相流數(shù)值模擬研究現(xiàn)狀及木粉塵控制技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行總結(jié),并確定本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法;2.研究鏤銑作業(yè)產(chǎn)塵的基本特性和影響因素,根據(jù)氣固兩相流理論,對(duì)粉塵進(jìn)行受力分析,建立鏤銑作業(yè)粉塵運(yùn)動(dòng)方程,并分析粉塵的運(yùn)動(dòng)和擴(kuò)散狀態(tài);3.利用CFD軟件,建立鏤銑作業(yè)數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算模型,對(duì)不同性質(zhì)木材和不同切削速度的條件下的粉塵分布規(guī)律進(jìn)行仿真對(duì)比,分析各因素對(duì)粉塵分布規(guī)律的影響;對(duì)不同風(fēng)速、不同位置及不同角度的除塵設(shè)施進(jìn)行仿真,得到一定時(shí)間后的粉塵濃度變化情況以及不同參數(shù)對(duì)粉塵控制效果的影響;4.對(duì)鏤銑作業(yè)崗位粉塵濃度進(jìn)行實(shí)地測(cè)試,得到粉塵濃度及分散度等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),通過實(shí)測(cè)與仿真數(shù)據(jù)的對(duì)比,得到鏤銑作業(yè)粉塵分布的相關(guān)規(guī)律。本文通過對(duì)鏤銑作業(yè)粉塵運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定,總結(jié)出粉塵的分布規(guī)律,分析各因素對(duì)粉塵分布的影響,同時(shí)對(duì)三種除塵工況下的除塵效果進(jìn)行研究,對(duì)該崗位粉塵治理提供一定理論依據(jù),同時(shí)為其他木工設(shè)備粉塵研究工作提供參考。
[Abstract]:Wood processing industry is an industry involving dust hazards. If the wood dust produced in the working process can not be dealt with in a timely and effective manner, it will seriously threaten the health of employees and the safety of the environment. As a kind of equipment widely used in woodworking industry, woodworking and milling machine has the characteristics of high dust concentration and nonstandard treatment. People have a vague understanding of the present situation of dust movement and distribution in this position. At the same time, the development of dust removal technology is still in the experience stage, so there are some problems such as random setting of dust-removing facilities and unsatisfactory dust removal effect, which brings a great hidden danger to the safe and stable operation of the post. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the characteristics and distribution of dust produced in this post for dust control and personnel protection. In this paper, based on CFD software, gas-solid two-phase flow model and DPM discrete phase model, the basic characteristics and influencing factors of dust generation in the process of router milling are studied by using the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement, and based on the software of CFD, the gas-solid two-phase flow model and the DPM discrete phase model. The distribution law of dust in different dedusting working conditions was studied. Taking a wood processing enterprise in Harbin as an example, the dust concentration was measured on the spot. The specific work contents were as follows: 1. The research status of wood dust at home and abroad, the numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase flow and the research status of wood dust control technology are summarized, and the research contents and methods of this paper are determined. 2. Based on the theory of gas-solid two-phase flow, the mechanical analysis of dust is carried out, and the equation of dust motion is established, and the movement and diffusion of dust are analyzed. 3. By using CFD software, the numerical simulation model of routing and milling operation is established, and the dust distribution law under different wood properties and different cutting speed is simulated and compared, and the influence of various factors on dust distribution law is analyzed, and the influence of different wind speed on dust distribution is analyzed. The dust concentration change and the influence of different parameters on dust control effect are obtained by simulation of dust removal facilities at different positions and different angles. 4. Based on the field test of the dust concentration in the router and milling station, the relevant data such as dust concentration and dispersion are obtained. By comparing the measured data with the simulation data, the relevant rules of dust distribution in router milling are obtained. Through numerical simulation and field measurement of dust movement in router milling operation, the distribution law of dust is summarized, and the influence of various factors on dust distribution is analyzed. At the same time, the dust removal effect under three kinds of dedusting conditions is studied. It provides a theoretical basis for dust control in this post and provides a reference for other woodworking equipment dust research.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD714.4

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