【摘要】：酸性礦山排水和垃圾滲濾液均是對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,對(duì)人類危害大的兩種廢水。垃圾滲濾液的突出特點(diǎn)是有機(jī)污染物種類多且濃度高、生物降解性差、溶解鹽高、氨氮濃度高。礦山酸性排水水量較大、pH值較低(一般為2-3),含高濃度的硫酸鹽和可溶性的重金屬離子。本文提出將垃圾滲濾液和酸性礦山排水混合調(diào)節(jié)后進(jìn)行生物處理,混合后的調(diào)節(jié)廢水中既含有高濃度的硫酸鹽、又含有大量的有機(jī)質(zhì)和重金屬離子,且垃圾滲濾液本身具有良好的pH緩沖能力。這些為硫酸鹽還原菌等厭氧微生物的生長(zhǎng)和繁殖提供了適宜的條件。在厭氧條件下,有機(jī)質(zhì)被包括硫酸鹽還原菌在內(nèi)的厭氧微生物分解代謝,并同時(shí)產(chǎn)生了一定的堿度,硫酸鹽被還原成硫離子,而二價(jià)硫離子可以和重金屬離子反應(yīng)形成重金屬硫化物,可以同步實(shí)現(xiàn)硫和重金屬離子的去除。厭氧處理后的出水繼而進(jìn)一步通過(guò)缺氧和好氧的生物處理技術(shù)脫氮和進(jìn)一步降低有機(jī)物的濃度。在上述廢水的生物處理過(guò)程中還可以獲得甲烷并回收重金屬,較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)以廢治廢和廢水的資源化轉(zhuǎn)化。本文首先考察了酸性礦山排水和垃圾滲濾液在m(COD)/m(SO42-)為0.5.1和3等不同配比下,厭氧生物處理該混合廢水的效果,并確定較優(yōu)的配比值；其次,以酸性礦山排水和垃圾滲濾液混合后形成調(diào)節(jié)廢水為進(jìn)水,不額外接種厭氧污泥,先后啟動(dòng)和穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行了厭氧反應(yīng)器；再次,先后通過(guò)人工合成廢水和厭氧反應(yīng)器的出水作為進(jìn)水,啟動(dòng)和穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行了好氧和缺氧反應(yīng)器；最后,初步實(shí)現(xiàn)厭氧和好氧-缺氧生物反應(yīng)器的連續(xù)運(yùn)行處理混合廢水,以實(shí)現(xiàn)同步處理兩種廢水中的有機(jī)物、硫酸鹽和氨氮的脫除。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：1、在35℃厭氧條件下,相較于1m(COD)/m(SO42-)值為0.5和1,m(COD)/m(SO42-)值為3的混合液COD和硫酸鹽去除效果最好,去除率分別達(dá)到66.04%和60.31%。2、按m(COD)/m(SO42-)值為3混合酸性礦山排水和垃圾滲濾液,得到混合廢水的COD、硫酸鹽和氨氮濃度分別為7500 mg/L.2500 mg/L和2000 mg/L。控制厭氧反應(yīng)器的水力停留時(shí)間為20 d,調(diào)節(jié)廢水中78%的COD和約80%的硫酸根被去除。3、厭氧反應(yīng)器的出水直接進(jìn)入30℃下水力停留時(shí)間為10d的好氧反應(yīng)器,出水中氨氮和COD去除率分別在99%和85%以上。4、好氧反應(yīng)器的出水直接進(jìn)入30℃下水力停留時(shí)間為4d的缺氧反應(yīng)器,出水中硝態(tài)氮和COD去除率分別在98%和96%以上�；旌蠌U水中總的COD、硫酸鹽和氨氮的去除率分別為98%、80%和99%。
[Abstract]:Acid mine drainage and landfill leachate are two kinds of wastewater which pollute the environment seriously and do great harm to human beings. The landfill leachate is characterized by many kinds of organic pollutants and high concentration of organic pollutants, poor biodegradability, high dissolved salt and high concentration of ammonia nitrogen. The pH value of mine acid drainage is relatively low (generally 2-3), which contains high concentration of sulfate and soluble heavy metal ions. In this paper, after mixed regulation of landfill leachate and acid mine drainage, biological treatment is carried out. The mixed wastewater contains not only high concentration of sulfate, but also a large amount of organic matter and heavy metal ions. And the landfill leachate itself has a good pH buffer capacity. These provide suitable conditions for the growth and reproduction of anaerobic microorganisms such as sulfate reducing bacteria. Under anaerobic conditions, organic matter was catabolized by anaerobic microorganisms, including sulfate reducing bacteria, and a certain alkalinity was produced at the same time, and sulfate was reduced to sulfur ions. Divalent sulfur ions can react with heavy metal ions to form heavy metal sulfides, which can simultaneously realize the removal of sulfur and heavy metal ions. After anaerobic treatment, the effluent was further denitrified by anoxic and aerobic biological treatment and the concentration of organic matter was further reduced. Methane can also be obtained and heavy metals recovered in the process of biological treatment of the wastewater mentioned above. In this paper, the effects of anaerobic biological treatment of the mixed wastewater with different ratios of m (COD) / m (SO42-) 0.5.1 and 3 were investigated firstly, and the optimum ratio was determined. After mixing acid mine drainage and landfill leachate as the influent and without additional inoculation of anaerobic sludge, the anaerobic reactor was started and stably operated successively. Aerobic and anoxic reactors were started and stably operated successively through artificial synthetic wastewater and effluent of anaerobic reactor as influent. Finally, the continuous operation of anaerobic and aerobic anoxic bioreactor was preliminarily realized to treat mixed wastewater. In order to realize the simultaneous treatment of organic matter, sulfate and ammonia nitrogen in the two kinds of wastewater. The experimental results show that under the anaerobic condition of 35 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2241807