【摘要】：在路塹開挖、邊坡預(yù)留等爆破工程中,預(yù)裂爆破得到了較為廣泛的使用。裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)是影響預(yù)裂爆破效果的重要因素之一。目前較為普遍的傳統(tǒng)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)是將小直徑藥卷跟導(dǎo)爆索一同捆扎在竹片上,裝藥時(shí)通過改變藥卷間距來實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)計(jì)的線裝藥密度。但裝藥過程繁瑣低效、較難實(shí)現(xiàn)不耦合居中裝藥等問題,嚴(yán)重影響了預(yù)裂爆破技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和推廣。本文通過分析爆破破碎原理及預(yù)裂爆破成縫機(jī)理等,對(duì)基于聚能作用和不耦合裝藥理論為基礎(chǔ)的一種新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)雙向軸對(duì)稱聚能槽居中藥管進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)上的改進(jìn),使其不僅符合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)要求,制作更為簡(jiǎn)單,同時(shí)還能節(jié)約一定成本。結(jié)合實(shí)際工程,確定預(yù)裂爆破參數(shù)和施工技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),得出最佳的切縫寬度和切縫長(zhǎng)度。在控制相同的試驗(yàn)條件下,根據(jù)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)論確定新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),將該新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)與傳統(tǒng)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行對(duì)比試驗(yàn),從而驗(yàn)證裝置在預(yù)裂爆破中的優(yōu)越性。通過上述工作,主要得到以下結(jié)論:改進(jìn)后的新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)在可行性、裝藥效率及經(jīng)濟(jì)效率等方面具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。通過新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化試驗(yàn),得出主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)切割寬度和切割長(zhǎng)度對(duì)預(yù)裂爆破效果有一定影響,當(dāng)切縫寬度為1cm,切縫長(zhǎng)度為0.8m時(shí),預(yù)裂成縫效果最好。通過新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)和傳統(tǒng)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)比試驗(yàn),綜合分析后得出新型裝藥結(jié)構(gòu)在成本上略高于傳統(tǒng)裝藥結(jié)構(gòu),但從裝藥效率、可控性及預(yù)裂爆破效果上都具有一定優(yōu)勢(shì)。
[Abstract]:Pre-splitting blasting has been widely used in cutting excavation, slope reservation and other blasting projects. Charge structure is one of the important factors affecting the effect of pre-splitting blasting. At present, the traditional charge structure is to bind the small diameter coils to the bamboo sheet with the detonation cable, and to realize the designed line charge density by changing the distance between the charge coils. However, the process of charge is cumbersome and inefficient, and it is difficult to realize uncoupled intermediate charge, which seriously affects the application and popularization of pre-splitting blasting technology. Based on the analysis of blasting breakage principle and pre-splitting blasting jointing mechanism, this paper improves the structure of a new type of charge structure based on the theory of accumulative energy and uncoupling charge, which is a new type of bidirectional axisymmetric shaped charge tube. It not only meets the actual production requirements, but also saves some cost. Combined with practical engineering, the parameters and construction technology of pre-splitting blasting are determined, and the optimum test of structural parameters of new charge is designed, and the optimum width and length of cutting joint are obtained. Under the same control conditions, the parameters of the new charge structure are determined according to the conclusion of the optimization test, and the comparison test between the new charge structure and the traditional charge structure is carried out to verify the superiority of the device in pre-splitting blasting. Through the above work, the main conclusions are as follows: the improved new charge structure has certain advantages in feasibility, charge efficiency and economic efficiency. By optimizing the structural parameters of the new charge, it is concluded that the cutting width and the cutting length of the main structural parameters have certain influence on the pre-splitting blasting effect. When the width of the cutting joint is 1 cm and the length of the cut joint is 0.8 m, the effect of pre-splitting is the best. By comparing the new charge structure with the traditional charge structure, the comprehensive analysis shows that the new charge structure is slightly higher in cost than the traditional charge structure, but it has some advantages in charge efficiency, controllability and pre-splitting blasting effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD235

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