【摘要】：深海蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的礦產(chǎn)資源,對緩解我國資源短缺危機(jī)具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。在深海礦產(chǎn)資源開采系統(tǒng)中,揚(yáng)礦提升泵是其中的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。揚(yáng)礦提升泵不僅要提供輸送流體的動力,即揚(yáng)程,還要使粒徑達(dá)20-50mm的粗顆粒礦石得以通過。已有研究表明半軸流泵是目前可行的泵型,可滿足大流量、高揚(yáng)程的要求。我國雖于“十一五”期間成功研制出深潛硬管提升兩級泵,然而顆粒在泵內(nèi)的堵塞問題尚未得到根本解決。分析泵體部件相關(guān)參數(shù)與顆粒參數(shù)之間的匹配關(guān)系,揭示提升泵內(nèi)粗顆粒固-液兩相運(yùn)動機(jī)理,對于揚(yáng)礦提升泵設(shè)計(jì)開發(fā)具有重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義�；诂F(xiàn)有揚(yáng)礦提升泵的研究成果,對揚(yáng)礦泵的葉輪和導(dǎo)葉進(jìn)行水力設(shè)計(jì)；數(shù)值模擬和物理模型相結(jié)合,研究揚(yáng)礦泵外特性和內(nèi)部流動特性,分析了葉輪葉片安放角對揚(yáng)礦泵性能的影響；利用離散相數(shù)值模型和物理模型,研究了不同粒徑顆粒在揚(yáng)礦泵中運(yùn)動特性,分析葉輪葉片進(jìn)口安放角對顆粒運(yùn)動特性的影響；利用物理模型研究了顆粒在揚(yáng)礦泵內(nèi)的堵塞特性。具體結(jié)論如下：(1)揚(yáng)礦泵最優(yōu)工況點(diǎn)流量為28 m3/h,揚(yáng)程為4.8 m,水力效率為66%,與設(shè)計(jì)工況點(diǎn)吻合,符合初始設(shè)計(jì)要求；葉輪靜態(tài)下泵進(jìn)、出口壓差的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)值相比,誤差不超過10%,表明了數(shù)學(xué)模型的有效性和可靠性。(2)對葉輪葉片進(jìn)口安放角加上10°的沖角后,揚(yáng)礦泵最優(yōu)工況點(diǎn)流量為25 m3/h,揚(yáng)程為4.8 m,水力效率為61%,泵的揚(yáng)程和效率整體下降,最高效率點(diǎn)向小流量方向偏移。(3)顆粒在葉輪區(qū)域呈現(xiàn)螺旋上升運(yùn)動,隨著粒徑的增大,顆粒與葉輪碰撞幾率增大,碰撞點(diǎn)向葉輪頭部趨近；顆粒在導(dǎo)葉區(qū)域經(jīng)過2-4次碰撞流出導(dǎo)葉,碰撞位置主要分布于導(dǎo)葉背面入口、導(dǎo)葉工作面中部以及導(dǎo)葉背面出口。葉輪葉片進(jìn)口安放角的增大使得顆粒在葉輪流道中的軌跡向葉輪工作面偏移,且更加平滑。顆粒在導(dǎo)葉流道中的分布更加分散。(4) 隨著顆粒粒徑增大,顆粒的導(dǎo)葉進(jìn)口速度減小,過泵時間增大；較大的導(dǎo)葉進(jìn)口角導(dǎo)致顆粒與導(dǎo)葉碰撞次數(shù)增加,較大過泵時間導(dǎo)致顆粒在泵中容易聚集進(jìn)而發(fā)生堵泵。(5) 一定濃度顆粒過泵時,隨著清水流速的減小,顆粒逐漸在導(dǎo)葉入口處發(fā)生堵塞。顆粒粒徑越大,發(fā)生堵泵時的清水臨界流速越大,
[Abstract]:The deep sea is rich in mineral resources, which is of great practical significance to alleviate the crisis of resource shortage in China. In the mining system of deep-sea mineral resources, the lifting pump is the key link. The lifting pump should not only provide the power of conveying fluid, I. e., lift, but also make the coarse grained ore with diameter up to 20-50mm pass through. Studies have shown that the semi-axial flow pump is a feasible pump type, which can meet the requirements of large flow rate and high head. Although the two-stage pump was successfully developed in China during the "11th Five-Year Plan" period, the problem of particle plugging in the pump has not been solved fundamentally. By analyzing the matching relationship between the relative parameters of the pump body and the particle parameters, it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the design and development of the lifting pump to reveal the mechanism of solid-liquid motion of coarse particles in the lifting pump. Based on the research results of the existing lifting pump, the hydraulic design of the impeller and guide vane of the hoisting pump is carried out, and the external and internal flow characteristics of the lifting pump are studied by the combination of numerical simulation and physical model. The influence of impeller blade placement angle on the performance of lifting pump is analyzed, and the movement characteristics of different particle sizes in the pump are studied by using discrete phase numerical model and physical model, and the influence of impeller blade inlet placement angle on particle motion characteristics is analyzed. The plugging characteristics of particles in lifting pump are studied by using physical model. The specific conclusions are as follows: (1) the optimal flow rate of the lifting pump is 28 m3 / h, the head is 4.8 m, the hydraulic efficiency is 66 m, which is consistent with the design conditions, and conforms to the initial design requirements, and the numerical simulation results of the pump inlet and outlet pressure difference under the static condition of the impeller are compared with the experimental values. The error is not more than 10, which shows the validity and reliability of the mathematical model. (2) after the impeller blade inlet angle is added with a 10 擄angle of attack, the optimal working point flow rate of the lifting pump is 25 m3 / h, the lift is 4.8 m, the hydraulic efficiency is 61%, and the head and efficiency of the pump as a whole decrease. The maximum efficiency point deviates to the direction of small flow rate. (3) the particle appears spiral ascending motion in the impeller region. With the increase of particle size, the probability of particle and impeller collision increases, and the collision point approaches to the impeller head; The particles flow out of the guide vane 2-4 times in the guide vane area, and the collision position is mainly distributed in the back entrance of the guide vane, the middle part of the guide vane face and the back outlet of the guide vane. With the increase of impeller blade inlet angle, the trajectory of particles in the impeller passage is shifted to the impeller face, and it is smoother. (4) with the increase of particle size, the inlet velocity of the particle decreases and the pump time increases, and the larger inlet angle of the guide vane leads to the increase of the number of collisions between the particles and the guide vane. The larger over pump time leads to the accumulation of particles in the pump and the blockage of the pump. (5) with the decrease of the flow rate of clear water, the particles become clogged at the inlet of the guide vane. The larger the particle size is, the higher the critical flow rate of clean water is when the pump is blocked.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD53

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