【摘要】：隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人們對(duì)煤炭資源的需求日益增大。大量的煤炭被開采出來,產(chǎn)生多種次生災(zāi)害,如：大面積地表沉降、地面塌陷、地裂縫,滑坡、崩塌、地表植被破壞等,給社會(huì)帶來巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,同時(shí)也給住在采區(qū)上方人員帶來安全隱患,因此對(duì)采煤區(qū)地表沉降的危險(xiǎn)性劃分危險(xiǎn)性是非常有必要的。本文針對(duì)姚橋煤礦采煤區(qū)地表沉降危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行了細(xì)致,系統(tǒng)的分析。通過對(duì)采煤區(qū)地表沉降機(jī)理和導(dǎo)致沉降相關(guān)因素的探討,結(jié)合采煤區(qū)地質(zhì)、水文、環(huán)境和井下四個(gè)主要影響因素調(diào)查情況,采用層次分析法和GIS綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法對(duì)采煤區(qū)地表沉降進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性評(píng)價(jià)。根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,選擇層次分析法對(duì)礦區(qū)進(jìn)行分層評(píng)價(jià),第一層選取11個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子,第二層選取4個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子,建立礦區(qū)的評(píng)價(jià)模型,評(píng)價(jià)區(qū)域根據(jù)井下工作面進(jìn)行劃分,共劃分108個(gè),將地表沉降的危險(xiǎn)性劃分為四個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)等級(jí)：危險(xiǎn)嚴(yán)重、危險(xiǎn)較嚴(yán)重、危險(xiǎn)一般、危險(xiǎn)較低。運(yùn)用專家打分法,對(duì)各因子進(jìn)行打分,通過公式計(jì)算,得出各因子在采煤區(qū)地表沉降中所占的權(quán)重值,之后根據(jù)危險(xiǎn)度評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)108個(gè)選區(qū)進(jìn)行評(píng)分,利用GIS圖層疊加的功能,結(jié)合各因子的權(quán)重值進(jìn)行疊加運(yùn)算,得出各區(qū)域的危險(xiǎn)性等級(jí)。根據(jù)其中2個(gè)采煤區(qū)地表沉降實(shí)地測(cè)量的數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行分析處理,得出沉降區(qū)域,下沉等值圖,依照《姚橋煤礦安全生產(chǎn)規(guī)章制度》,驗(yàn)證評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, people's demand for coal resources is increasing day by day. A large amount of coal has been mined out, resulting in a variety of secondary disasters, such as: a large area of land subsidence, ground cracks, landslides, surface vegetation damage, and so on, bringing huge economic losses to society. At the same time, it also brings safety hidden danger to the people living above the mining area, so it is very necessary to divide the risk of the surface subsidence in the mining area. This paper makes a detailed and systematic analysis on the danger of surface subsidence in Yaoqiao coal mining area. Through the discussion of the mechanism of surface subsidence and the factors related to subsidence in coal mining area, combined with the investigation of four main influencing factors of coal mining area, such as geology, hydrology, environment and underground, The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and comprehensive evaluation of GIS were used to evaluate the risk of surface subsidence in coal mining area. According to the actual situation, the AHP method is selected for stratified evaluation of the mining area. The first layer selects 11 evaluation factors and the second layer selects 4 evaluation factors. The evaluation model of the mining area is established, and the evaluation area is divided according to the underground working face. The risk of surface subsidence is divided into four evaluation grades: serious danger, general danger and low risk. By using the expert scoring method, the factors are scored, and the weight values of each factor in the surface subsidence of coal mining area are obtained by formula calculation, and then 108 districts are graded according to the hazard score standard, and the function of superposition of GIS layer is used to make use of the function of superposition of GIS map layer. Combined with the weight of each factor for superposition operation, the dangerous grade of each region is obtained. According to the data of ground surface subsidence measurement in 2 coal mining areas, the subsidence area and subsidence equivalent map are obtained, and the evaluation results are verified according to the rules and regulations of Yaoqiao Coal Mine Safety production.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD327

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