【摘要】：生物土壤結(jié)皮廣泛存在于干旱、半干旱地區(qū),其研究已成為干旱、半干旱地區(qū)生物學(xué)研究的前沿領(lǐng)域之一。組成生物土壤結(jié)皮的苔蘚和藻類植物是常見的先鋒拓殖植物,它們對受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被恢復(fù)過程中的土壤養(yǎng)分循環(huán)、維管植物的萌發(fā)和生長等生態(tài)過程具有重要作用。為了解礦區(qū)植被修復(fù)過程中生物土壤結(jié)皮的基本特征與土壤質(zhì)量的變化,明確苔蘚類、藻類生物土壤結(jié)皮光合固碳速率對水熱因子的響應(yīng)特征。以內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯市準(zhǔn)格爾旗黑岱溝露天煤礦受損生態(tài)系統(tǒng)植被恢復(fù)區(qū)分布的生物土壤結(jié)皮為研究對象,通過對生物土壤結(jié)皮的種類組成、蓋度、厚度的調(diào)查來反映生物土壤結(jié)皮的基本特征;通過對土壤理化性質(zhì)和土壤酶活性的測定來反映植被修復(fù)過程中土壤質(zhì)量的變化。以兩種生物土壤結(jié)皮(蘚結(jié)皮和藻結(jié)皮)為材料,通過人工培養(yǎng)箱控制溫度和水分,研究生物土壤結(jié)皮光合固碳活性對水熱因子的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:1、生物土壤結(jié)皮的組成種類主要是蘚類結(jié)皮和藻類結(jié)皮,經(jīng)過20年的修復(fù)平均覆蓋面積已達(dá)到了50%以上,平均厚度超過了0.45cm。BSC總蓋度喬草型草本型喬灌草型喬木型,結(jié)皮總厚度喬灌草型喬草型喬木型草本型。表明對礦區(qū)退化生態(tài)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行人工植被建立有利于生物土壤結(jié)皮的拓殖和發(fā)育,尤以喬灌草型和喬草型效果最好。2、蘚類和藻類結(jié)皮光合固碳的最適溫度分別為20~25℃和15~20℃,最適降水量均為2mm。蘚結(jié)皮光合固碳活性顯著高于藻結(jié)皮。溫度和水分均顯著影響生物土壤結(jié)皮光合固碳活性,且溫度、水分及結(jié)皮類型三者之間的交互效應(yīng)也顯著影響生物土壤結(jié)皮光合固碳活性。3、生物土壤結(jié)皮能改善表層土壤的理化性質(zhì)和酶活性,所有樣地0-10cm層次土壤理化性質(zhì)和酶活性均大于10-20cm層次。不同植被類型生物土壤結(jié)皮改善土壤理化性質(zhì)和酶活性的程度為喬灌草型喬草型草本型喬木型。隨著植被恢復(fù)年限增加,生物土壤結(jié)皮在地表拓殖和發(fā)育,土壤p H值有下降趨勢,土壤養(yǎng)分含量和土壤酶活性隨之增加,有利于土壤性質(zhì)的改善,反過來進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)生物土壤結(jié)皮的拓殖和發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Biological soil crust widely exists in arid and semi-arid areas, and its research has become one of the frontier fields of biological research in arid and semi-arid areas. Mosses and algae, which make up the soil crust, are common pioneer colonization plants. They play an important role in soil nutrient cycling and vascular plant germination and growth in the process of vegetation restoration in damaged ecosystems. In order to understand the basic characteristics of biological soil crust and the change of soil quality in the process of vegetation restoration in mining area, the response characteristics of photosynthetic carbon sequestration rate of bryophyte and algae soil crust to hydrothermal factors were determined. The biological soil crust distribution in the damaged ecosystem vegetation restoration area of Heidaigou opencast coal mine in Zhungeer Banner, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, was studied. The species composition and coverage of biological soil crust were studied. The investigation of soil thickness reflects the basic characteristics of biological soil crust, and the changes of soil quality during vegetation restoration are reflected by the determination of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities. The response of photosynthetic carbon sequestration activity of biological soil crust to hydrothermal factors was studied by controlling temperature and moisture in artificial incubator with two kinds of biological soil crust (mossy crust and algal crust) as materials. The results showed that the species of soil crusts were mainly mosses and algae crusts. After 20 years of restoration, the average coverage area had reached more than 50%, and the average thickness exceeded the total coverage of 0.45cm.BSC herbaceous Arbor, Arbor shrub herbaceous Arbor. Total thickness of crust Arbor herbaceous type. The results showed that artificial vegetation was beneficial to the colonization and development of biological soil crust, especially Arbor and Arbor type. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis carbon sequestration of mosses and algae crusts were 2025 鈩，

本文編號：2225708