【摘要】：我國的硫化鉛鋅礦產(chǎn)資源具有品位低,共生關(guān)系復(fù)雜、天然可浮性較好等特點,如何有效分離硫化鉛鋅礦一直是研究的熱點。鉛鋅分離主要采用浮選方法,但常規(guī)方法不能具體地反映出試驗藥劑與礦物相互作用過程的詳細(xì)信息。本文采用微量熱動力學(xué)方法是一個新的嘗試,它可以不間斷地呈現(xiàn)整個反應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)變化、熱效應(yīng)值、量熱數(shù)據(jù)曲線及熱動力學(xué)規(guī)律,為鉛鋅分離提供了有力的理論依據(jù)。論文進(jìn)行了丁基黃藥、丁銨黑藥和乙硫氮在不同溫度和pH值礦漿溶液條件下與方鉛礦、閃鋅礦表面吸附的量熱試驗和浮選試驗,后用紫外分光光度計進(jìn)行了吸附量的測定,對試驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行機(jī)理驗證。試驗結(jié)果顯示,方鉛礦、閃鋅礦與捕收劑的吸附過程都是放熱反應(yīng),隨著量熱體系溫度的升高,放出的熱量逐漸減小,反應(yīng)速率常數(shù)逐漸增大。在不同pH值礦漿溶液中,捕收劑在方鉛礦表面吸附所需的表觀活化能要低于在閃鋅礦表面吸附所需的表觀活化能,表觀活化能越高,表明此礦漿條件下藥劑與礦物表面的吸附作用越難發(fā)生,浮選試驗回收率則會越低,同樣,浮選試驗證明,捕收劑對方鉛礦的捕收能力明顯強(qiáng)于閃鋅礦。丁基黃藥在方鉛礦、閃鋅礦表面吸附所需的表觀活化能的差值△Ea_(|方鉛礦-閃鋅礦|)的大小依次為:△Ea_(pH=12)△Ea_(pH=10)△Ea_(pH=7),浮選試驗中丁基黃藥與方鉛礦、閃鋅礦反應(yīng)得到的回收率的差值也是在礦漿溶液pH為12時達(dá)到了最大值76.49%,共同說明在pH值為12時,丁基黃藥的選擇性最好。丁銨黑藥、乙硫氮分別在方鉛礦、閃鋅礦表面吸附得到各自的表觀活化能差值△Ea_,分別是:△Ea_(p H=10)△Ea_(pH=12)△Ea_(pH=7)、△Ea_(pH=12)△Ea_(pH=10)△Ea_(pH=7),浮選結(jié)果同樣是丁銨黑藥、乙硫氮分別在pH值為10、pH值為12時,兩種礦物的回收率差值都達(dá)到最大值,分別為66.40%和80.49%,證明在此條件下,丁銨黑藥和乙硫氮的選擇性最好。比較三種捕收劑分別在最佳條件下的表觀活化能差值和回收率差值,均證明了乙硫氮的選擇性高于丁基黃藥,丁銨黑藥要略差些。量熱試驗與浮選試驗結(jié)果一致,證明試驗數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確可靠。在吸附量的測定中,三種捕收劑在方鉛礦表面的吸附量均比在閃鋅礦表面的吸附量大,在pH值為12時,丁基黃藥在方鉛礦表面的吸附量與在閃鋅礦表面的吸附量差值最大,丁銨黑藥、乙硫氮分別是在pH=10、12時,在兩種礦物表面的吸附量差值最大,再次證明了試驗數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確、可靠。
[Abstract]:The mineral resources of lead and zinc sulfide in China have the characteristics of low grade, complex symbiotic relationship and good natural floatability. How to effectively separate lead and zinc sulphide ore has been a hot research topic. Flotation is mainly used for the separation of lead and zinc, but the conventional method can not reflect the detailed information of the process of the interaction between the test reagent and the mineral. In this paper, the method of micro-thermodynamics is a new attempt. It can uninterruptedly present the details of the whole reaction, the thermal effect value, the calorimetric data curve and the thermodynamics law, which provides a powerful theoretical basis for the separation of lead and zinc. The adsorption of Ding Ji xanthate, butylammonium black and ethylthionium with galena and sphalerite surface at different temperatures and pH values were studied. The adsorption capacity was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The experimental results are verified by mechanism. The experimental results show that the adsorption process of galena, sphalerite and collector is exothermic reaction. With the increase of calorimetric temperature, the heat released from galena, sphalerite and collector decreases gradually, and the reaction rate constant increases gradually. In slurry solutions with different pH values, the apparent activation energy required for collector adsorption on galena surface is lower than that for sphalerite surface adsorption, and the apparent activation energy is higher. The results show that the more difficult the adsorption of reagent and mineral surface is, the lower the recovery rate of flotation test will be. Similarly, the flotation test proves that the collector's ability to collect galena is obviously stronger than that of sphalerite. The difference value of apparent activation energy (Ea_) of Ding Ji xanthate adsorbed on galena and sphalerite surface is Ea_ (pH=12) Ea_ (pH=10) Ea_ (pH=7). The difference of recovery rate from sphalerite reaction was also reached at 12:00 in slurry solution, which showed that Ding Ji xanthate had the best selectivity when pH value was 12:00. The apparent activation energy difference (Ea_,) of butylammonium butadiene black and ethylthionium adsorbed on galena and sphalerite surface were Ea_ (pHn10) Ea_ (pH=12) Ea_ (pH=7), Ea_ (pH=12) Ea_ (pH=10) Ea_ (pH=7) respectively. The recovery difference between the two minerals reached the maximum value of 66.40% and 80.49%, respectively, when the pH value was 10 渭 g and pH value was 12:00, respectively. It was proved that the selectivity of ammonium butyrate black drug and ethionitrogen was the best under these conditions. By comparing the apparent activation energy difference and recovery difference of the three collectors under the optimum conditions, it was proved that the selectivity of ethionitrogen was higher than that of Ding Ji xanthate, and that of ammonium butylammonium black drug was a little worse than that of Ding Ji xanthate. The results of calorimetric test and flotation test are in agreement with each other, which proves that the test data are accurate and reliable. The adsorption capacity of the three kinds of collector on galena surface is higher than that on sphalerite surface, and the difference between Ding Ji xanthate adsorption amount on galena surface and that on sphalerite surface is the largest at 12:00 pH value. The difference of adsorption capacity between butylammonium butyrate and ethylthionium at 12:00 of pH=10, is the largest, which proves that the experimental data are accurate and reliable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD952;TD923.13

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