【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)能源結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整以及煤炭?jī)r(jià)格持續(xù)走低等諸多因素的影響,致使我國(guó)煤炭企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益急劇下滑。調(diào)整煤炭產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu),提高塊煤產(chǎn)出率也是提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、擺脫經(jīng)濟(jì)困境的有效途徑之一,也是目前煤炭企業(yè)清潔生產(chǎn)的最佳選擇。本文以黃隴侏羅紀(jì)煤田紅石巖煤礦為背景,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)、理論分析、數(shù)值模擬等方法,系統(tǒng)研究了2號(hào)煤層水壓致裂過(guò)程中的起裂與擴(kuò)展規(guī)律。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)紅石巖煤礦2號(hào)煤煤樣進(jìn)行了水理性分析,測(cè)定了不同含水率下煤巖體的物理力學(xué)參數(shù),擬合出2號(hào)煤物理力學(xué)參數(shù)與含水率之間的水理性表達(dá)關(guān)系式。運(yùn)用理論分析、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)等方法,研究分析了煤層水壓致裂的主要影響因素,并結(jié)合2號(hào)煤層煤質(zhì)、裂隙的發(fā)育等情況,分析了主要因素對(duì)2號(hào)煤層的水壓致裂的影響規(guī)律。通過(guò)力學(xué)分析,確定了煤層水壓致裂過(guò)程中起裂的臨界壓力。運(yùn)用數(shù)值模擬研究了原生裂隙、切槽對(duì)煤層水壓致裂起裂擴(kuò)展過(guò)程中起裂壓力、擴(kuò)展壓力及起裂方向、擴(kuò)展方向的影響。研究得到:一是在水壓致裂起裂過(guò)程中,存在原生裂隙或切槽裂縫的煤層鉆孔,將隨原生裂隙或切槽裂縫與最小主應(yīng)力的夾角增大而其起裂壓力減小,但切槽對(duì)煤層鉆孔起裂壓力的降低更為有效,并對(duì)起裂方向具有一定引導(dǎo)作用;二是在擴(kuò)展過(guò)程中,存在原生裂隙或切槽的擴(kuò)展壓力隨其與最小主應(yīng)力的夾角增大而減小,但切槽鉆孔的壓裂半徑大,壓裂效果更好,且裂縫擴(kuò)展的方向趨于煤層鉆孔中的切槽方向。三是通過(guò)原生裂隙或切槽裂縫的煤層鉆孔的橫向比較,存在切槽的煤層鉆孔在水壓致裂過(guò)程中,起裂壓力、擴(kuò)展壓力都相對(duì)降低,并且對(duì)起裂擴(kuò)展都有定向引導(dǎo)作用。結(jié)合紅石巖煤礦2號(hào)煤層現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況,確定了煤層水壓致裂的工藝參數(shù)。通過(guò)對(duì)煤層水壓致裂現(xiàn)場(chǎng)效果分析可知,煤層水壓致裂在紅石巖煤礦塊煤增產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用取得了良好的效果,工作面塊煤產(chǎn)出率大幅度提高。
[Abstract]:With the adjustment of China's energy structure and the continuous decline of coal prices and other factors, the economic benefits of coal enterprises in China have declined sharply. Adjusting the structure of coal products and increasing the output rate of block coal is one of the effective ways to improve the economic benefit of enterprises and get rid of the economic predicament, and it is also the best choice for clean production of coal enterprises at present. Based on the Hongshi coal mine in the Jurassic coal field of Huanglong, this paper systematically studies the initiation and expansion law of hydraulic fracturing in No. 2 coal seam by means of field measurement, laboratory experiments, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and so on. Based on the laboratory experiments, the hydrological analysis of No. 2 coal sample in Hongshiyan Coal Mine was carried out, and the physical and mechanical parameters of coal and rock mass under different water content were measured, and the relationship between physical and mechanical parameters and moisture content of No. 2 coal was fitted out. By means of theoretical analysis and field observation, this paper studies and analyzes the main influencing factors of water pressure cracking in coal seam No. 2, and analyzes the influence law of main factors on the hydraulic fracturing of coal seam No. 2 in combination with the coal quality and crack development of No. 2 coal seam. Through mechanical analysis, the critical pressure of fracture initiation in the process of hydraulic fracture of coal seam is determined. In this paper, the effects of primary fractures and cut slots on the initiation pressure, propagation pressure, initiation direction and propagation direction of coal seams induced by hydraulic fracturing are studied by numerical simulation. The results are as follows: first, in the process of hydraulic fracturing and initiation, the initiation pressure decreases with the increase of the angle between the primary fissure and the minimum principal stress in the coal seam with primary fissure or notch fracture, and with the increase of the angle between the primary fissure or the notch fracture and the minimum principal stress. However, the cutting groove is more effective to reduce the initiation pressure of coal seam drilling and has a certain guiding effect on the initiation direction. Second, during the process of expansion, the expansion pressure of the primary fissure or cut groove decreases with the increase of the angle between the original crack and the minimum principal stress. However, the fracture radius of grooved drilling is large, the fracture effect is better, and the direction of fracture propagation tends to the direction of cutting groove in coal seam drilling. The third is the horizontal comparison of coal seam boreholes with primary fractures or slot fractures. During the process of hydraulic fracturing, the initiation pressure and expansion pressure of the coal seam drilling with the cut groove are all relatively lower, and all of them have directional guiding effect on the initiation and propagation of the fracture. Combined with the site situation of No. 2 coal seam in Hongshiyan Coal Mine, the technological parameters of hydraulic fracture of coal seam are determined. Through the analysis of the field effect of coal seam hydraulic fracturing, it can be seen that the application of coal seam hydraulic fracturing in Hongshiyan coal mine has achieved good results, and the coal production rate of working face has been greatly increased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TD821

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