【摘要】：煤是一種復雜的有機巖石,除含大分子固體骨架外,還含大量可溶于有機溶劑的小分子有機物,它們存在于煤基質(zhì)的孔隙甚至大分子網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)中,必然會對煤層煤與瓦斯突出危險產(chǎn)生一定影響。本文立足于煤體結(jié)構(gòu),在測試全煤樣和抽提殘煤的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、瓦斯吸附特性、力學強度參數(shù)等方面基礎(chǔ)上,深入分析了可溶有機質(zhì)對突出參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,進而揭示了其對煤與瓦斯突出危險的作用機制。采用四氫呋喃溶劑對3種不同變質(zhì)程度的煤樣分別進行微波輔助抽提,得到抽提物(可溶有機質(zhì))與抽提余物(抽提殘煤)。采用N2吸附法系統(tǒng)地測試了全煤樣和抽提殘煤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。結(jié)果表明,可溶有機質(zhì)被抽提后,煤體總孔體積增大,比表面積減少,平均孔徑增大,起到了增孔、擴孔作用,說明煤中可溶有機質(zhì)抽提后,簡化了煤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),降低了煤中微小孔比例,使煤體結(jié)構(gòu)相對簡單化。開展了抽提前后煤樣的甲烷等溫吸附實驗,分析了抽提前后各煤樣對甲烷的吸附特性變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,抽提抽提殘煤的甲烷吸附量均低于全煤樣,說明煤中小分子有機物的存在可提高煤吸附甲烷的能力。通過抽提前后煤體的抗壓強度、抗拉強度等力學實驗,研究了可溶有機質(zhì)對煤體力學性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,3種不同變質(zhì)程度煤樣的抽提殘煤,在相同實驗條件下其煤體抗壓強度、抗拉強度及彈性模量均高于全煤樣,且突出煤抽提前后力學性質(zhì)參數(shù)變化明顯。表明可溶有機質(zhì)被溶出后,使煤體蠕變能力減弱,簡化了煤的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu),使煤基質(zhì)的內(nèi)部孔隙趨于均相化和簡單化,降低了煤層煤與瓦斯突出的危險性。實驗室模擬測試了抽提前后煤體的煤與瓦斯突出參數(shù),分析了煤體抽提前后其突出參數(shù)指標的變化規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,抽提殘煤的瓦斯含量、瓦斯放散初速度、瓦斯鉆屑解吸指標K1值及△h2等突出參數(shù)指標均比全煤樣小。說明煤中可溶有機質(zhì)的存在對煤與瓦斯突出有一定的促進作用。根據(jù)可溶有機質(zhì)對煤體孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)、吸附特性和力學性質(zhì)等參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,深入分析了可溶有機質(zhì)對突出參數(shù)指標的耦合關(guān)系,進而揭示了煤中可溶有機質(zhì)對煤與瓦斯突出的作用機制,研究成果對進一步降低煤層煤與瓦斯突出危險性的相關(guān)技術(shù)具有一定的指導意義。
[Abstract]:Coal is a kind of complex organic rock, which contains not only macromolecular solid skeleton, but also a large number of small molecular organic compounds soluble in organic solvents, which exist in the pores of coal matrix and even in the network of macromolecules. The danger of coal seam and gas outburst will be affected. Based on the coal structure, the influence of soluble organic matter on the outburst parameters is deeply analyzed on the basis of testing the pore structure of whole coal sample and extracting residual coal, gas adsorption characteristics, mechanical strength parameters and so on. The mechanism of its action on the danger of coal and gas outburst is revealed. Three kinds of coal samples with different degrees of metamorphism were extracted by microwave assisted extraction with tetrahydrofuran solvent, and the extractives (soluble organic matter) and residue (extraction of residual coal) were obtained. The pore structure parameters of whole coal sample and extracted residual coal were systematically measured by N2 adsorption method. The results show that when the soluble organic matter is extracted, the total pore volume of coal body increases, the specific surface area decreases, the average pore size increases, and the pore size increases, which indicates that the pore structure of coal is simplified after the extraction of soluble organic matter in coal. The ratio of micropore in coal is reduced, and the coal structure is relatively simplified. The isothermal adsorption experiments of methane from coal samples before and after extraction were carried out, and the characteristics of methane adsorption of coal samples before and after extraction were analyzed. The results show that the methane adsorption capacity of the residual coal is lower than that of the whole coal sample, which indicates that the presence of small molecular organic compounds in the coal can improve the methane adsorption capacity of the coal. The influence of soluble organic matter on the mechanical properties of coal was studied by mechanical experiments such as compressive strength and tensile strength of coal before and after extraction. The results show that the compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus of the three kinds of coal samples with different metamorphic degrees are higher than those of the whole coal samples under the same experimental conditions, and the mechanical properties of the coal samples before and after extraction are obviously changed. The results show that the soluble organic matter can weaken the creep ability of coal body, simplify the pore structure of coal, make the internal pores of coal matrix homogenize and simplify, and reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst in coal seam. The parameters of coal and gas outburst before and after extraction were tested by laboratory simulation, and the variation law of outburst parameters before and after extraction was analyzed. The results show that the gas content, the initial velocity of gas release, the K1 value of gas drilling debris desorption index and the outburst parameters such as H2 are smaller than those of the whole coal sample. It shows that the existence of soluble organic matter in coal can promote coal and gas outburst to some extent. According to the influence of soluble organic matter on pore structure, adsorption characteristics and mechanical properties of coal body, the coupling relationship of soluble organic matter to outburst parameters is analyzed. The mechanism of the action of soluble organic matter in coal on coal and gas outburst is revealed. The research results have certain guiding significance for further reducing the risk of coal and gas outburst in coal seam.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD713

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