【摘要】：中國煤礦每年新掘井巷工程量約25000 km,巷道頂板長期安全保障尤為重要,統(tǒng)計兩淮等礦區(qū)40余個礦井28起冒頂事故,泥質(zhì)巷道頂板錨固失穩(wěn)垮冒比例達46.4%,多發(fā)生在斷層、破碎帶、軟弱夾層、水化泥巖等特殊條件,當巖層吸水泥化,煤巖層完整程度受到損傷時,圍巖強度隨時間出現(xiàn)顯著衰減,巷道維護難度劇增,泥質(zhì)巷道錨固失穩(wěn)致災機理、關(guān)鍵影響因素分析與安全控制成為煤礦井巷支護棘手難題之一。本文以淮北礦區(qū)渦北煤礦8106機巷為工程背景,采用理論分析、數(shù)值模擬、實驗室實驗和現(xiàn)場觀測相結(jié)合的方法,建立了泥巖變形的力學特性及其本構(gòu)方程;分析了8106機巷泥巖的主要粘土成分類型及浸水之后微觀結(jié)構(gòu)變化特征;進行了高嶺石泥巖顆粒表面水化作用的分子動力學模擬;并在現(xiàn)場進行了預注漿等圍巖強化工作,有效控制巷道變形。得到如下主要結(jié)論:(1)闡明了泥巖的基本物理力學性質(zhì),并且根據(jù)實驗和8106機巷等現(xiàn)場的具體情況,進行泥巖含水量變化的實驗,歸納出泥巖的內(nèi)聚力C、內(nèi)摩擦角φ與含水量W的關(guān)系。通過運用彈塑性理論、彈粘性理論建立了一個本構(gòu)方程以用來反映泥巖出現(xiàn)非線性體積應變的本質(zhì)關(guān)系。(2)針對泥質(zhì)裂隙巖體水化過程中微觀結(jié)構(gòu)(包括膠結(jié)、顆粒、孔隙等)的演變特征,分別進行了不同巖樣的浸水-風干實驗、不同巖樣不同含水狀態(tài)下的SEM觀測實驗,從微觀角度分析了泥巖浸水條件下的典型結(jié)構(gòu)變化特征。(3)運用Material Studios(MS)軟件進行了高嶺石顆粒表面水化作用的分子動力學模擬,分析了高嶺石泥巖遇水與典型以蒙脫石為代表的泥巖遇水泥化的作用機理,得出了高嶺石等粘粒遇到水時,雖然晶胞之間不允許進入水分子,但其粘粒表面具有游離價原子和離子,這些原子或離子具有靜電引力,在粘土表面形成靜電引力場。同時,水分子是偶極體,一端為正電荷,一端帶負電荷,可被靜電引力所吸引,得到粘粒表面附近的水分子緊密地、整齊地排列起來的結(jié)論。(4)在淮北礦區(qū)渦北煤礦8106機巷開展了滲水泥化巷道治理的驗證研究和工業(yè)性試驗,巷道維控效果良好,表明控制技術(shù)選用得當,有效保障了巷道的后期使用,取得了良好的經(jīng)濟與社會效益。
[Abstract]:It is particularly important to ensure the long-term safety of roadway roof in 25000 km, roadway in China coal mine every year. Statistics show that 28 roof caving accidents occurred in more than 40 mines in Lianghuai mining area, and the ratio of roof Anchorage instability of muddy roadway was 46.4%, which mostly occurred in fault zone and broken zone. Under special conditions, such as weak intercalation and hydrated mudstone, when the rock layer is cemented and the integrity of coal and rock stratum is damaged, the strength of surrounding rock decreases significantly with time, the maintenance difficulty of roadway increases dramatically, and the mechanism of rock anchoring and instability of muddy roadway leads to disaster. The analysis of key influencing factors and safety control has become one of the thorny problems in coal mine roadway support. In this paper, the mechanical properties and constitutive equation of mudstone deformation are established with the method of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, laboratory experiment and field observation. In this paper, the main clay composition types and microstructure change characteristics of 8106 Ji-xiang mudstone are analyzed, the molecular dynamics simulation of the hydration of kaolinite mudstone particles is carried out, and the surrounding rock strengthening work such as pre-grouting is carried out in the field. Effective control of roadway deformation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the basic physical and mechanical properties of mudstone are elucidated, and according to the experimental results and the concrete situation of 8106 machine lane, the water content of mudstone is tested. The relationship between cohesion C, friction angle 蠁 and water content W of mudstone is summarized. By using elastic-plastic theory, a constitutive equation is established to reflect the essential relationship of nonlinear volumetric strain in mudstone. (2) aiming at the microstructure of muddy fractured rock mass during hydration (including cementation, particle, etc.) The evolution characteristics of pore, etc., were studied by soaking and air drying experiments of different rock samples, and SEM observation experiments of different rock samples under different water-bearing states. The characteristics of typical structural changes in mudstone flooding were analyzed from the microscopic point of view. (3) the molecular dynamics simulation of the surface hydration of kaolinite particles was carried out by using Material Studios (MS) software. The mechanism of water contact between kaolinite mudstone and typical clay rock represented by montmorillonite is analyzed. It is concluded that when kaolinite and other clay meet water, water molecules are not allowed between units. However, the clay surface has free valence atoms and ions, and these atoms or ions have electrostatic force, forming electrostatic gravitational field on the clay surface. At the same time, the water molecule is a dipole, with a positive charge at one end and a negative charge at the other end, which can be attracted by electrostatic force. Conclusion of neatly arranged. (4) validation research and industrial test of roadway treatment in 8106 machine roadway of Huai Bei Coal Mine were carried out. The roadway maintenance control effect was good, which indicated that the control technology was selected properly. Effective protection of the late use of roadways, and achieved good economic and social benefits.
【學位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD322.4

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