【摘要】：斷層是一類在地層中常見的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造體,其斷裂面附近往往存在一個(gè)整體強(qiáng)度較低、穩(wěn)定性較差的軟弱破碎帶,嚴(yán)重威脅工程施工安全。本文以淮南礦區(qū)顧北煤礦斷層破碎帶為研究背景,采用不同膠結(jié)料、不同粒徑骨料、不同預(yù)緊力及不同錨固方式物理模型試驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算研究了錨固體強(qiáng)度及其變形特征的演化規(guī)律。并進(jìn)一步分析了矩形、拱形巷道組合拱(梁)的形成條件,建立了巷道失穩(wěn)判別依據(jù)。主要研究成果如下:(1)隨著模型骨料粒徑或膠結(jié)材料強(qiáng)度的增大,斷層破碎巖體的力學(xué)參數(shù)均呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增大的趨勢。對(duì)比完整巖體,其彈性模量的劣化程度最為顯著(78.82%),內(nèi)摩擦角的劣化程度最弱(25.21%)。(2)隨著錨固預(yù)緊力、骨料級(jí)配或膠結(jié)強(qiáng)度的逐漸增大,斷層巖體的峰值強(qiáng)度及彈性模量均呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增大的趨勢;模型按無錨→端錨→全錨錨固順序變化時(shí),巖體的峰值強(qiáng)度及彈性模量均逐漸增大。(3)各影響因素對(duì)巖體強(qiáng)度影響的主次順序?yàn)?膠結(jié)強(qiáng)度骨料粒徑錨固預(yù)緊力錨固方式。錨固模型內(nèi)錨桿軸力隨時(shí)間的變化曲線主要包括穩(wěn)定階段、增長階段、屈服階段及峰后階段。(4)采用數(shù)值軟件擴(kuò)展研究了錨桿密度及側(cè)向圍壓對(duì)巖體強(qiáng)度的影響規(guī)律,從模型內(nèi)部空間應(yīng)力分布特征切入分析了錨桿的作用機(jī)制。距錨桿較近時(shí),錨固應(yīng)力值從兩端向中間呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)稱減小的變化規(guī)律;而距錨桿較遠(yuǎn)時(shí),錨固應(yīng)力值從兩端向中間呈現(xiàn)出對(duì)稱增大的變化規(guī)律。(5)隨著錨桿密度的減小、錨桿預(yù)緊力的增大或托盤尺寸的增大,錨桿作用組合拱的厚度呈現(xiàn)出逐漸增大的趨勢。非線性擬合得到各控制因素對(duì)組合拱厚度的影響系數(shù),從而對(duì)錨固組合拱幾何關(guān)系式進(jìn)行修正。(6)基于結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)理論,探討分析了矩形、拱形巷道破壞圍巖錨固組合拱(梁)的承載能力,確定了巷道圍巖失穩(wěn)的判別依據(jù),并成功應(yīng)用于現(xiàn)場工程算例分析。
[Abstract]:Fault is a kind of common geological structure in strata. There is a weak fracture zone near its fault surface which has low overall strength and poor stability, which seriously threatens the safety of engineering construction. Taking the fault fracture zone of Gubei coal mine in Huainan mining area as the research background, different cementing materials and different particle size aggregates are used in this paper. Physical model tests and numerical simulation of different pretightening forces and different anchoring modes are carried out to study the evolution of the strength and deformation characteristics of anchors. Furthermore, the forming conditions of rectangular and arch roadway combined arch (beam) are analyzed, and the criterion of roadway instability is established. The main results are as follows: (1) with the increase of the size of the model aggregate or the strength of the cemented rock mass, the mechanical parameters of the fractured rock show a trend of increasing gradually. Compared with the intact rock mass, the degradation degree of elastic modulus is the most obvious (78.82%), and the deterioration degree of internal friction angle is the weakest (25.21%). (_ 2). With anchoring pretightening force, aggregate gradation or cementing strength increases gradually. The peak strength and elastic modulus of faulted rock show a trend of increasing gradually, and the model changes according to the order of anchoring without anchor and full anchor. The peak strength and elastic modulus of rock mass increase gradually. (3) the primary and secondary order of the influence factors on rock mass strength is as follows: the anchoring mode of pretightening force with aggregate particle size of cemented strength. The variation curves of anchor axial force with time in the Anchorage model mainly include stable stage, growth stage, yield stage and post-peak stage. (4) the influence of anchor rod density and lateral confining pressure on rock mass strength is studied by numerical software expansion. The mechanism of bolt action is analyzed from the characteristics of spatial stress distribution in the model. When the anchor rod is near, the anchor stress value decreases symmetrically from the two ends to the middle, while the anchor stress value increases symmetrically from the two ends to the middle when the anchor rod is farther away. (5) with the decrease of the bolt density, With the increase of the pre-tightening force or the size of the tray, the thickness of the combined arch increases gradually. The influence coefficient of various control factors on the thickness of composite arch is obtained by nonlinear fitting, and the geometric relationship of Anchorage composite arch is modified. (6) based on the theory of structural mechanics, the rectangle is discussed and analyzed. The bearing capacity of surrounding rock anchoring combined arch (beam) is destroyed in arch roadway, and the criterion of surrounding rock instability is determined, which is successfully applied to field engineering example analysis.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD353

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