【摘要】：地應力是引發(fā)礦山施工變形和損壞的基本作用力，同樣也是使其他地下或露天巖石開鑿項目發(fā)生形變和損壞的基本作用力，它在很大水平上影響著巷道及其他巖體的穩(wěn)固性。因此，對地應力進行測定，剖析圍巖穩(wěn)固性，從而明確工程巖體的力學屬性，成為了實現(xiàn)巖土工程開挖設計必不可少的條件，同時也是計劃科學化的首要任務。這就要求我們對地應力進行準確無誤的測量。 縱然世界上有很多種對地應力大小和方向進行測量的方法，然而在各種方法中使用最廣泛的當屬應力解除法，因為在全世界現(xiàn)存的地應力資料中，，一多半以上的數(shù)據(jù)都是使用應力解除法實地測得的。孔徑變形計測量地應力是應力解除法的一種，因其較其他地應力測量方法具有精度高、操作簡便等特點，在國內(nèi)外都可以發(fā)現(xiàn)此方法在被廣泛的應用。然而，當前我國在使用孔徑變形計測量地應力場的時候，我們忽略了一些問題，致使我們的測量結(jié)果和實際的地應力狀態(tài)有很大差異，這些問題大部分表現(xiàn)為我們在使用孔徑變形計測量地應力時，我們?nèi)鄙賹ψ冃斡嬂碚摰恼J知基礎，我們沒有提前明白變形計的工作原理。就是因為存在了以上的問題，使得我們應力測量計算結(jié)果的真實性和精確性大大地降低。 本文提出了幾個影響到地應力測量精度的問題，并對解決這些問題做出了的技術和方法修正。以應力解除法測量地應力為研究出發(fā)點，在孔徑變形測量方法的理論研究的基礎上，重點開展孔徑變形法的實驗研究，對孔徑變形測量方法中涉及巖石彈性模量和泊松比、巖石不連續(xù)性、巖石不均質(zhì)性和巖石各向異性等物理力學參數(shù)進行實驗研究，以確定不同物理參數(shù)對孔徑變形法精度的影響。通過實驗結(jié)果揭示內(nèi)在聯(lián)系并加以修正，使其測量精度大幅度提高。在此基礎上結(jié)合具體應用實例，介紹孔徑變形法在荊各莊礦地應力測量中的應用，根據(jù)測量結(jié)果分析該礦區(qū)應力大小和方向，為該礦科學合理開拓巷道提供了依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ground stress is the basic force to cause deformation and damage in mine construction, and it is also the basic force to cause deformation and damage in other underground or open-pit rock excavation projects. It affects the stability of roadway and other rock mass to a large extent. Therefore, the measurement of geostress, the analysis of the stability of surrounding rock mass and the determination of mechanical properties of engineering rock mass have become the essential conditions for the design of geotechnical engineering excavation, and are also the primary tasks of scientific planning. This requires us to accurately measure the ground stress. Although there are many methods of measuring the magnitude and direction of in-situ stress in the world, the most widely used method is the stress-relief method, because in the existing data of in-situ stress around the world, More than half of the data are measured in situ using the stress relief method. The in-situ stress measurement with aperture deformation meter is a kind of stress relief method. Because of its high precision and easy operation, this method can be widely used in the world. However, when we use the aperture deformation meter to measure the in-situ stress field in our country, we neglect some problems, which results in a great difference between our measurement results and the actual in-situ stress state. Most of these problems are due to the fact that we lack the basis of understanding the theory of deformation meter and we do not understand the working principle of deformation meter in advance when we use aperture deformation meter to measure in-situ stress. It is because of the above problems that the accuracy and authenticity of our stress measurement results are greatly reduced. In this paper, several problems affecting the precision of in-situ stress measurement are put forward, and some technical and methodological corrections are made to solve these problems. Based on the theoretical study of pore deformation measurement, the experimental study of pore deformation method is carried out. The elastic modulus of rock and Poisson's ratio are involved in the measurement of pore diameter deformation. The physical and mechanical parameters such as rock discontinuity, rock heterogeneity and rock anisotropy are experimentally studied in order to determine the influence of different physical parameters on the accuracy of the pore deformation method. Through the experimental results, the internal relation is revealed and corrected, which greatly improves the measurement accuracy. On the basis of this, the paper introduces the application of the pore diameter deformation method in the geostress measurement of Jinggezhuang Mine, and analyzes the magnitude and direction of the stress in the mining area according to the results of the survey, which provides the basis for the rational development of roadways in this mine.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD326

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