【摘要】：本文選用花菖蒲(Iris ensata var.horten6i6Makino et Nemoto)、銅錢草(HHydrocotyle vulgaris L.)、荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)、菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn.)、黃菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)、荸薺(Eleocharis tuberosa S.)等 6 種水生植物為試驗材料,通過復(fù)合栽植和實地栽植等方法,研究在鉛尾礦滲出液(PbL)脅迫下對植物的生長指標(biāo)、對PbL修復(fù)及其對水質(zhì)的影響,為修復(fù)含Pb重金屬尾礦污染的水體環(huán)境提供理論和技術(shù)支持。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)通過對鉛尾礦滲出液對花菖蒲生長、解剖結(jié)構(gòu)及金屬離子富集的影響的研究結(jié)果表明,花菖蒲幼苗各項生長指標(biāo)隨著PbL濃度升高而下降,尤其是100%PbL處理時株高、根長、葉數(shù)、根數(shù)和地上干質(zhì)量與對照相比差異顯著(P0.05),分別比對照下降了 28.53%、33.50%、33.32%、28.57%和 41.62%。在 100%PbL 處理下,花菖蒲葉片表皮細胞僅一到兩層,根尖表皮細胞排列完好但內(nèi)皮層細胞不完整且氣腔分散。在100%PbL處理下,花菖蒲地上部和地下部分對Pb的富集量最高,分別為115.8μg/g和576.25μg/g;Zn含量比對照分別上升了 1.81和5.99倍。Cu和Cd的含量也有一定的升高。栽培花菖蒲對培養(yǎng)基質(zhì)的水質(zhì)的影響ORPECBOD去除率DO。栽培花菖蒲在栽培基質(zhì)中的重金屬濃度隨著PbL濃度的升高而升高。花菖蒲對鉛的富集系數(shù)在100%PbL處理時最高為0.416。鋅和銅重金屬富集系數(shù)在100%PbL處理時比對照相上升了 19.33%和80.75%。(2)三種水生植物復(fù)合栽植在PbL下的花菖蒲、銅錢草和荷花與對照相比,生長指標(biāo)均呈下降趨勢。復(fù)合栽培的花菖蒲株高,根長,根數(shù)和葉數(shù)與單獨栽植于PbL中相比均降低。然而,除和荷花混合栽培外,地下部干重比單獨栽植于PbL中顯著升高。與荷花復(fù)合栽培的銅錢草地上部干重及三種植物復(fù)合栽培的地下部干重顯著高于單獨栽植于PbL中的之外,其他生長指標(biāo)與單獨栽植與PbL中的沒有顯著差異。與銅錢草和三種植物混合栽培的荷花的葉數(shù)以及與花菖蒲復(fù)合栽培的地上部干重均比單獨栽植于PbL中的顯著升高,其他生長指標(biāo)與單獨生長于PbL中的生長指標(biāo)無顯著差異。試驗結(jié)果說明栽培與PbL中的三種水生植物的生長均受到一定程度的抑制,三種植物復(fù)合栽培比單一種植于PbL中對植物的抗性有一定的促進作用。(3)幾種水生植物復(fù)合栽植對PbL水質(zhì)指標(biāo)影響的研究表明,花菖蒲、銅錢草和荷花三種水生植物復(fù)合栽培處理時溶解氧(DO)的含量均高于對照。三種水生植物復(fù)合栽培各處理溶液整體呈堿性;IPbL、NPbL、H+N和I+N處理氧化還原電位(ORP)均高于對照,尤其是I+N處理;對于生物需氧量(BOD)的去除,高于對照的是HH、HPbL和H+I處理;在三種水生植物復(fù)合栽培時電導(dǎo)率最低。栽培植物后水中重金屬含量與空白相比整體呈下降趨勢。復(fù)合栽培中尤其是I+H+N處理,栽培水質(zhì)中鉛含量、鋅含量和銅含量與空白處理相比分別下降了 70.65%、90.52%和 30.77%。(4)六種水生植物栽培在實地PbL中研究結(jié)果表明,地下部對Pb的富集分別是銅錢草黃菖蒲菖蒲荷花荸薺花菖蒲;研究發(fā)現(xiàn)菖蒲地下部對于Zn的富集是地上部的21.65倍;除了銅錢草地上部高于地下部,其他五種水生植物地下部對Cu的富集均高于地上部;對Cd的富集分別是銅錢草花菖蒲荸薺菖蒲荷花花菖蒲。對于Pb的運轉(zhuǎn)系數(shù)最高的是花菖蒲為0.097;銅錢草對Zn的運轉(zhuǎn)系數(shù)最高為0.22,對Cu的遷移率最高為1.063。試驗結(jié)果表明這六種水生植物都能在鉛尾礦滲出液中生長,可以用于鉛污染水體的修復(fù)。花菖蒲和銅錢草對錢的富集能力優(yōu)于其他四種植物。
[Abstract]:Six aquatic plants, including Iris ensata var. horten6i6 Makino et Nemoto, Hhydrocotyle vulgaris L., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Acorus calamus Linn., Iris eudacorus L., Eleocharis tuberosa S., were selected as experimental materials in this paper. Methods: The growth indexes of plants, the effects of PbL remediation on water quality were studied under the stress of lead tailings leachate (PbL). The main results were as follows: (1) Acorus calamus growth, anatomical structure and metal ion enrichment were studied by leachate of lead tailings. The results showed that the growth indices of Acorus calamus seedlings decreased with the increase of PbL concentration, especially the plant height, root length, leaf number, root number and dry weight of above ground decreased by 28.53%, 33.50%, 33.32%, 28.57% and 41.62% compared with the control (P 0.05), respectively. There were only one or two layers of epidermal cells in the root tip, but the endothelial cells were incomplete and dispersed in the air cavity.Under 100% PbL treatment, the accumulation of Pb in aerial and underground parts of Acorus tatarinowii was the highest, which was 115.8 and 576.25 ug/g, respectively. Effects of cultivated Gladiolus on water quality of culture medium ORPECBOD removal rate DO. Heavy metal concentration of cultivated Gladiolus in culture medium increased with the increase of PbL concentration. The highest enrichment coefficient of lead in 100% PbL treatment was 0.416. The enrichment coefficient of zinc and copper in 100% PbL treatment increased by 19.33% and 80% compared with the control. (2) Compared with the control, the growth indexes of Acorus tatarinowii, S. tonkinensis and Lotus planted under PbL decreased. The height, root length, number of roots and leaves of Acorus tatarinowii planted under PbL were lower than those planted in PbL alone. The above-ground dry weight and the underground dry weight of the three plants under the combined cultivation were significantly higher than those under the sole cultivation of PbL. There was no significant difference in other growth indexes between the sole cultivation and the sole cultivation. The results showed that the growth of three aquatic plants was inhibited to a certain extent, and the resistance of the three plants to plants was one more than that of the single plant. (3) The results showed that the contents of dissolved oxygen (DO) in three kinds of aquatic plants were higher than those in the control. The solution of three kinds of aquatic plants were alkaline as a whole; IPbL, NPbL, H + N and I + N were alkaline. ORP was higher than that of control, especially I + N treatment; bio-oxygen demand (BOD) was higher than that of control, HH, HPbL and H + I treatment; conductivity was the lowest in three aquatic plants combined cultivation. The contents of Zn, Cu and Zn decreased by 70.65%, 90.52% and 30.77% respectively compared with the blank treatment. (4) The Pb enrichment in the underground part of six aquatic plants was 21.5 times as much as that in the aboveground part of Acorus tatarinowii. The concentration of Cu in the upper part of Tongqian grassland was higher than that in the underground part, while that in the other five aquatic plants was higher than that in the above part. The results showed that all the six aquatic plants could grow in the leachate of lead tailings and could be used for the remediation of lead polluted water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X173;X753

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