【摘要】：我國肥煤和焦煤資源極度緊缺,在稀缺煤資源極度緊缺的背景下,每年仍有大量的稀缺煉焦煤中煤作為動力煤使用,造成了資源的極度浪費(fèi)。論文以錢家營礦浮選中煤為研究對象,最終提出了適合浮選中煤分選的拋尾-磨煤-超聲強(qiáng)化浮選工藝流程,旨在為浮選中煤的分選提供新的思路。研究了錢家營選煤廠浮選中煤的煤質(zhì)特性,得到以下結(jié)論:浮選中煤灰分達(dá)49.30%,主導(dǎo)粒級為+0.5 mm,產(chǎn)率為32.32%;+0.125 mm粒級產(chǎn)率為80.77%,灰分47.66%,總體粒度較粗。浮選中煤中矸石含量較高,+1.5 kg/L密度級產(chǎn)率為48.62%,灰分71.88%;通過對浮選中煤礦物質(zhì)組成分析,浮選中煤含有以高嶺石為主的粘土類礦物。浮選中煤直接磨礦試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,-0.045 mm粒級含量隨磨礦時(shí)間的增加而增加,灰分呈先增加后減小的趨勢,但灰分均在57%以上。對螺旋分選機(jī)進(jìn)行處理量條件試驗(yàn)探索,得出隨著螺旋分選機(jī)處理量的增加,精煤可燃體回收率呈逐漸減小的趨勢,灰分呈逐漸升高的趨勢。對螺旋分選機(jī)進(jìn)行入料濃度條件試驗(yàn)探究,得出螺旋入料濃度越高,精煤可燃體回收率越低,灰分呈現(xiàn)先降低后升高的趨勢。在螺旋分選機(jī)處理量0.25 t/h、給料濃度為20%時(shí),可拋除產(chǎn)率49.76%,灰分為69.21%的矸石,浮選中煤灰分從49.30%降至31.24%。對螺旋精煤進(jìn)行磨礦時(shí)間探索,磨煤時(shí)間定為2 min、3.5 min、5 min、10 min、15 min,分別對磨后產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行粒度組成分析,得出隨著磨煤時(shí)間增加,細(xì)粒物料含量越來越多,當(dāng)磨煤時(shí)間為2 min時(shí),-0.045 mm粒級含量為30.18%,當(dāng)磨煤時(shí)間為15 min時(shí),-0.045 mm粒級含量已達(dá)到71.46%;對磨后產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行密度組成分析,得出磨煤時(shí)間越長,產(chǎn)品解離越充分,在現(xiàn)場要求的精煤灰分為12.50%時(shí),得到的累計(jì)產(chǎn)率大小依次是R15 min(65%)R10 min(61%)R5 min(59%)R3.5 min(55%)R2 min(25%);對磨后產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行分步釋放試驗(yàn),現(xiàn)場要求精煤灰分為12.50%時(shí),累計(jì)產(chǎn)率大小依次為R3.5 min(50%)R5 min(40%)R2 min(33%)R10 min(16%)R15 min(12%)得出當(dāng)磨礦時(shí)間為3.5 min,產(chǎn)品已能滿足解離要求。研究了浮選中煤的常規(guī)浮選,在單因素尋優(yōu)的條件試驗(yàn)下,對粗選過程礦漿濃度、捕收劑用量、起泡劑用量、葉輪轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行條件試驗(yàn),得出在較優(yōu)的粗選試驗(yàn)條件下可得到產(chǎn)率為65.68%,灰分為18.18%的精煤。對精選進(jìn)行捕收劑、起泡劑藥劑探索試驗(yàn),得出在精選較優(yōu)條件下可得到精煤產(chǎn)率為60.62%,灰分15.63%。常規(guī)一粗一精浮選工藝難以達(dá)到合格的精煤灰分,增加一段精選(一粗二精)可分選出灰分為12.48%的合格精煤,產(chǎn)率為50.14%。對超聲波進(jìn)行不同頻率、超聲波加入方式以及處理時(shí)間的條件探索試驗(yàn),得出40 KHz超聲波全過程處理效果較好。將超聲波全過程處理用于一粗一精浮選工藝中,最終可獲得灰分為12.49%、產(chǎn)率為61.75%的合格精煤。通過對超聲波處理后的煤樣進(jìn)行SEM掃描電鏡分析可知,超聲波對煤粒表面清洗作用顯著。提出了浮選中煤螺旋拋尾-磨礦-超聲波強(qiáng)化浮選提質(zhì)聯(lián)合工藝。對該工藝進(jìn)行了數(shù)質(zhì)量流程計(jì)算,并與常規(guī)分選工藝進(jìn)行對比,精煤產(chǎn)率提高約9個(gè)百分點(diǎn),此新工藝不僅可以節(jié)省一段精選,而且初步經(jīng)濟(jì)效益計(jì)算表明,該工藝可為企業(yè)增收銷售利潤。該工藝的提出為高灰浮選中煤分選工藝提供了一條新的思路。
[Abstract]:China is extremely short of rich coal and coking coal resources. Under the background of extremely scarce coal resources, there are still a large number of rare coking coal used as power coal every year, resulting in the extreme waste of resources. The coal quality characteristics of the floatation medium coal in Qianjiaying Coal Preparation Plant were studied and the following conclusions were obtained: the ash content in the floatation medium coal reached 49.30%, the dominant particle size was + 0.5 mm, and the yield was 32.32%; the yield of the + 0.125 mm particle size was 80.77%, the ash content was 47.66%, and the total particle size was coarse. High, +1.5 kg/L density grade yield is 48.62%, ash content is 71.88%; Through analysis of material composition of coal mine in flotation, coal in flotation contains clay minerals mainly composed of kaolinite. More than 57%. Conditional test of screw separator shows that with the increase of screw separator, the recovery rate of combustible substance of clean coal decreases gradually and the ash content increases gradually. When the treatment capacity of screw separator is 0.25 t/h, the feed concentration is 20%, the reject yield is 49.76%, the ash content is 69.21%, and the ash content in flotation is reduced from 49.30% to 31.24%. The analysis of particle size composition shows that with the increase of grinding time, the content of fine material is more and more, when the grinding time is 2 minutes, - 0.045 mm particle size is 30.18%, when the grinding time is 15 minutes, - 0.045 mm particle size is 71.46%; after grinding, the product density composition analysis shows that the longer the grinding time, the more fully the product dissociation. The cumulative yield of refined coal ash is R15 min (65%) R10 min (61%) R5 min (59%) R3.5 min (55%) R2 min (25%) and R3.5 min (50%) R5 min (40%) R5 min (33%) R10 min (16%) R15 m (16%) respectively when the content of refined coal ash is 12.50%. In (12%) obtained that when grinding time is 3.5 min, the product has been able to meet the dissociation requirements. The ash content is 18.18%. The experiment of collector and foaming agent shows that the yield of clean coal is 60.62% and the ash content is 15.63% under the optimum conditions. It is difficult to reach the qualified ash content by the conventional one-roughness and one-stage flotation process. The qualified coal with 12.48% ash content can be separated by adding one-stage flotation (one-stage coarse and two-stage flotation). 50.14%. Through the experiment of different frequencies, adding ways and treating time of ultrasonic wave, it is concluded that 40 KHz ultrasonic wave has a better effect in the whole process of treatment. SEM analysis of the coal samples showed that ultrasonic wave had a significant effect on the surface cleaning of coal particles. A combined process of screw throwing tailings, grinding and ultrasonic intensified flotation and upgrading was proposed. The numerical quality process of the process was calculated and compared with the conventional separation process, the concentrate yield was increased by about 9 percentage points. It not only saves one stage of fine separation, but also provides a new idea for high ash flotation medium coal separation process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD94

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