【摘要】：煤炭資源是我國的重要資源。煤炭資源的開采主要依賴于采煤機。鉆式采煤機是采煤機的一種類型,主要用于薄煤層的開采。減少采煤機的故障是采煤機安全可靠運行的前提。采煤機機械部分最常見的故障是鉆頭的斷裂。通過應(yīng)力檢測可以及時發(fā)現(xiàn)鉆頭的受力情況,防止發(fā)生鉆頭斷裂事故。目前,鉆頭的應(yīng)力檢測方法大都只能檢測鉆頭的表面應(yīng)力,但是多數(shù)的鉆具斷裂事故是由于內(nèi)部應(yīng)力過大引起的,所以尋找新的應(yīng)力檢測方法對鉆頭內(nèi)部應(yīng)力進(jìn)行檢測具有重要意義。本文將圍繞采煤機鉆頭的漏磁應(yīng)力檢測技術(shù)開展研究,主要工作如下:首先,本文通過查閱相關(guān)資料,對比分析了幾種常見的采煤機鉆頭應(yīng)力檢測方法,詳細(xì)分析其檢測機理,并給出其數(shù)學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對比這幾種檢測技術(shù)用于采煤機鉆頭應(yīng)力檢測的優(yōu)缺點。其次,介紹了鉆式采煤機的結(jié)構(gòu)與工作原理,詳細(xì)闡述了煤巖的主要物理特性,并建立鉆頭的受力數(shù)學(xué)模型。以實際案例為基礎(chǔ),仿真分析鉆頭的受力種類和受力情況。再次,簡述了漏磁檢測基本原理,給出了漏磁場的理論模型及基于點偶極子、線偶極子和面偶極子漏磁場分布解析表達(dá)式,分析了無限長矩形、V型和孔洞型磁偶極子的漏磁場分布特點,提出可以應(yīng)用漏磁檢測法對采煤機鉆具進(jìn)行應(yīng)力檢測的設(shè)想。最后,從宏觀熱力學(xué)理論出發(fā),建立鉆頭的力磁耦合有限元數(shù)學(xué)模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過ANSYS電磁仿真軟件,給出了鉆頭在不同應(yīng)力作用下其磁場強度曲線、磁密、磁場矢量以及鐵磁體內(nèi)部磁感線的變化情況。通過載荷加載實驗,驗證了所建立的力磁耦合模型的正確性。由此驗證了通過漏磁檢測法,實現(xiàn)鉆頭應(yīng)力檢測的合理性。
[Abstract]:Coal resource is the important resource of our country. The exploitation of coal resources mainly depends on shearer. Drilling shearer is a type of shearer, which is mainly used in the mining of thin coal seam. Reducing the faults of shearer is the premise of safe and reliable operation of shearer. The most common fault in the mechanical part of the shearer is the breakage of the bit. The stress detection can detect the stress of the bit in time and prevent the bit from breaking. At present, most of the stress detection methods of drill bit can only detect the surface stress of drill bit, but most of the fracture accidents of drill tool are caused by excessive internal stress. Therefore, it is of great significance to find a new stress detection method to detect the internal stress of drill bit. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, through consulting relevant data, this paper compares and analyzes several common stress detection methods of shearer bit, and analyzes its detection mechanism in detail. The mathematical model is given. On this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of these detection techniques are compared. Secondly, the structure and working principle of drill shearer are introduced, the main physical characteristics of coal and rock are described in detail, and the force mathematical model of drill bit is established. On the basis of actual cases, the force type and force situation of drill bit are simulated and analyzed. Thirdly, the basic principle of magnetic leakage detection is briefly introduced, and the theoretical model of magnetic leakage field and the analytical expressions of leakage magnetic field distribution based on point dipole, line dipole and surface dipole are given. The distribution characteristics of magnetic field leakage of infinite rectangular, V-shaped and hole-type magnetic dipoles are analyzed, and the assumption that the magnetic field leakage detection method can be used to detect the stress of shearer drilling tools is put forward. Finally, based on the theory of macroscopic thermodynamics, the finite element model of force and magnetic coupling of drill bit is established. On this basis, the magnetic field intensity curve, magnetic density, magnetic field vector and magnetic inductance line of the bit under different stresses are given by ANSYS electromagnetic simulation software. The validity of the proposed model is verified by loading experiments. The rationality of bit stress detection is verified by magnetic flux leakage detection method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD421.6

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