【摘要】：冰蓋冰川和高山冰川是富含古代氣候信息和存儲古氣候重要信息的氣候檔案庫。冰川變化是大氣和海洋變化的敏感指標之一,對海平面上升、山區(qū)供水河流的水文、海洋的淡水平衡、自然災害,甚至地球的形狀和旋轉(zhuǎn)等全球重要性進程具有重要影響。淺層冰心包含的信息可以實現(xiàn)重建氣候變化循環(huán),提高最古老冰心位置選擇的準確性,研究冰蓋內(nèi)部的動力學特征與冰蓋內(nèi)應力、應變率的時空變化間的關(guān)系等等。本文對淺層冰心鉆探方法以及目前廣泛應用于淺層冰心鉆探的電纜懸掛式電動機械鉆具研究現(xiàn)狀進行了詳細的調(diào)研、分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以提高冰屑輸送效率為目標,通過回轉(zhuǎn)螺旋輸送理論和離散元數(shù)值模擬方法,確定了冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)的最優(yōu)設(shè)計參數(shù)。借鑒已有淺層電動機械鉆具的設(shè)計理念,設(shè)計并研發(fā)了淺層電動機械螺旋鉆具,通過室內(nèi)和擴色色勒冰川野外試驗,驗證了冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)及淺層電動機械螺旋鉆具工作的可靠性,為進一步設(shè)計和優(yōu)化淺層電動機械鉆具結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),提高其冰屑輸送效率和機械鉆速,獲取高質(zhì)量冰心提供了重要借鑒。論文研究主要獲得以下結(jié)論:1)通過回轉(zhuǎn)螺旋輸送理論對冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)進行理論分析,確定了其輸送效率的影響因素。設(shè)計了冰摩擦系數(shù)試驗臺,通過測量牽引冰樣的拉力和冰樣的重量,計算得出冰在不同溫度下與不同材料間摩擦系數(shù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫。針對不同材料組合,計算螺旋升角和回轉(zhuǎn)速度與冰屑螺旋輸送效率之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)計算得出當外管內(nèi)壁采用溝槽設(shè)計、內(nèi)管和螺旋葉片選用聚四氟乙烯材料、轉(zhuǎn)速為175 rpm、對應的螺旋升角為13.7°時,冰屑的輸送效率最高,可達87%。利用多功能冰鉆測試臺對回轉(zhuǎn)螺旋輸送理論在冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)中應用的可行性其進行驗證。試驗證明由常規(guī)回轉(zhuǎn)螺旋輸送理論計算所得的最優(yōu)冰屑螺旋輸送參數(shù)并不能有效輸送冰屑。冰屑在螺旋葉片底部堵塞嚴重甚至壓實成塊,導致冰屑無法輸送,最終鉆進停止。常規(guī)回轉(zhuǎn)螺旋理論并不能應用于冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)設(shè)計。2)利用散體顆粒物料分析方法-離散單元法對冰屑顆粒在螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)中的輸送情況進行了數(shù)值模擬。模擬結(jié)果表明,冰屑螺旋輸送是一個非常復雜的過程,并對操作參數(shù)非常敏感。基于冰屑顆粒尺寸的假設(shè),數(shù)值模擬可以得出:在低回轉(zhuǎn)速度條件下,冰屑在近螺旋底端區(qū)域堆積。而當回轉(zhuǎn)速度高于100 rpm時,冰屑的輸送效率更高;顆粒的有序輸送是提高輸送效率和減少能量消耗的重要影響因素之一。在高回轉(zhuǎn)速度下容易引起冰屑顆粒的無序運動,其原因可能是由于冰屑顆粒尺寸過小或重量太輕,螺旋葉片的攪拌作用大于輸送作用引起的;電動機械鉆具螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)最優(yōu)參數(shù)的選取,要綜合考慮諸如冰層溫度和所需驅(qū)動電機的可用性等多種因素。針對本文研究的限定條件,結(jié)合平均顆粒速度、平均縱向顆粒速度、質(zhì)量流率、平均顆粒高度、單位質(zhì)量顆粒的能耗平均值和比能六個不同輸送特性的綜合評價,有序和無序運動的臨界值在100rpm左右對應的螺旋升角為35°-40°。3)設(shè)計和加工了測試版淺層電動機械鉆具TestSEMA及其試驗臺,通過鉆進天然冰樣對測試版鉆具和基于離散元法設(shè)計的最優(yōu)冰屑輸送系統(tǒng)進行測試和評價。實驗結(jié)果表明在鉆進過程中,冰屑在螺旋葉片上輸送順暢,沒有任何卡堵現(xiàn)象,增大回轉(zhuǎn)速度可明顯加快冰屑上升的速度和高度。當Test SEMA穩(wěn)定工作時機械鉆速可達10.2 m/h,滿足電動機械鉆具的平均機械鉆速要求,證明了冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)的工作穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。試驗獲得的冰孔光滑、冰心完整,但鉆得的冰屑顆粒尺寸較小,表面能較高,在輸送過程中容易發(fā)生團聚現(xiàn)象。TestSEMA鉆具試驗驗證了離散元方法在冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)中應用的可行性以及TestSEMA鉆具和試驗臺(地表設(shè)備)設(shè)計的合理性,為設(shè)計和優(yōu)化野外鉆探用淺層電動機械螺旋鉆具(SEMA)提供了重要參考。4)設(shè)計了包括SEMA鉆具及其地表設(shè)備的淺層電動機械鉆具。SEMA鉆具在擴色色勒冰川上海拔為5600 m處共進行了55回次測試。鉆進過程中,冰屑輸送順暢無阻,獲得的冰心質(zhì)量好,最大長度達1.1 m,鉆具最大機械鉆速可達18 m/h,平均機械鉆速為10.8 m/h。SEMA鉆具的野外測試驗證了鉆具設(shè)計的可行性和工作可靠性,進一步實地驗證了離散元法設(shè)計冰屑螺旋輸送系統(tǒng)的適用性。整個設(shè)備只需兩人便可進行野外作業(yè),便于運輸、安裝,拆卸和操作,可應用于高山冰川或冰蓋冰川的取樣任務(wù)。
[Abstract]:Ice sheet glaciers and alpine glaciers are climate archives rich in ancient climate information and important paleoclimate information. Glacier change is one of the sensitive indicators of atmospheric and oceanic changes. Glacier change is a process of global importance, such as sea level rise, hydrology of mountain water supply rivers, fresh water balance of oceans, natural disasters, and even the shape and rotation of the earth. The information contained in the shallow ice core can reconstruct the climate change cycle, improve the accuracy of choosing the location of the oldest ice core, study the relationship between the dynamic characteristics of the ice cap and the internal stress of the ice cap, the temporal and spatial variation of the strain rate and so on. Based on the investigation and analysis of the present situation of the cable suspended motor-driven drilling rig, the optimum design parameters of the screw conveying system for ice chips are determined by means of the rotary screw conveying theory and the discrete element numerical simulation method in order to improve the ice chips conveying efficiency. Designed and developed shallow electro-mechanical spiral drilling tools. The reliability of the screw conveying system and shallow electro-mechanical spiral drilling tools is verified by indoor and field tests on Xerox glacier. The structural parameters of shallow electro-mechanical drilling tools are further designed and optimized to improve the efficiency of ice scrap conveying and the rate of mechanical drilling. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1) Through theoretical analysis of the screw conveying system, the factors affecting the conveying efficiency of the screw conveying system are determined. An ice friction coefficient test bench is designed, and the ice is calculated by measuring the pulling force of the ice sample and the weight of the ice sample. The relationship between screw angle and rotation speed and screw conveying efficiency of ice chips is calculated for different material combinations. According to the calculation, when the inner wall of the outer tube is designed with grooves, the inner tube and the screw blade are made of PTFE, and the rotational speed is 175 rpm, the corresponding screw lift is obtained. When the angle is 13.7 degrees, the conveying efficiency of ice chips is the highest, up to 87%. The feasibility of applying the rotary screw conveying theory to the screw conveying system of ice chips is verified by using the multi-functional ice drill test rig. The experiment proves that the optimal screw conveying parameters calculated by the conventional rotary screw conveying theory can not convey ice chips effectively. The conventional rotary screw theory can not be applied to the parameter design of the screw conveying system. 2) The transport of ice particles in the screw conveying system was numerically analyzed by using the discrete element method (DEM) and the method of granular material analysis. The simulation results show that the screw conveying of ice debris is a very complicated process and sensitive to the operation parameters. Based on the assumption of the size of ice debris particles, the numerical simulation can be concluded as follows: under the condition of low rotational velocity, the ice debris accumulates near the bottom of the screw. Orderly transport of particles is one of the important factors to improve the transport efficiency and reduce energy consumption.It is easy to cause disorderly movement of ice particles at high rotational speed.The reason may be that the size or weight of ice particles is too small or too light,and the agitation effect of screw blades is greater than that of conveying. The selection of the optimal parameters of the system should take into account such factors as the ice temperature and the availability of the required driving motor and so on. Comprehensive evaluation shows that the critical value of ordered and disordered motion is about 100 RPM corresponding to the spiral angle of 35 [-40]. TestSEMA and its test bench are designed and manufactured for the shallow electromechanical drilling tool of test plate. The test rig and the optimal ice transport system based on discrete element method are tested and evaluated by drilling natural ice samples. The results show that during the drilling process, the chips are conveyed smoothly on the spiral blade without any blocking phenomenon, and the increase of rotation speed can obviously accelerate the rising speed and height of the chips. The test results show that the ice holes are smooth and the ice cores are intact, but the ice grains drilled are small and the surface energy is high, which makes it easy to agglomerate in the conveying process. The rationality of the design provides an important reference for the design and optimization of the shallow electromechanical auger drill (SEMA) for field drilling. 4. The shallow electromechanical drill, including the SEMA drill and its surface equipment, was designed. The SEMA drill was tested 55 times at the altitude of 5600 m in the Pan-Seller Glacier. The maximum length of the ice core is 1.1 m, the maximum penetration rate of the drill tool is 18 m/h and the average penetration rate is 10.8 m/h. The field test of the SEMA drill tool verifies the feasibility and reliability of the design of the drill tool, and further verifies the applicability of the discrete element method in the design of the screw conveying system. It is easy to transport, install, disassemble and operate. It can be used in the sampling of alpine glaciers or ice sheet glaciers.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P634.4

【相似文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;半自動門檻調(diào)節(jié)器[J];石油地球物理勘探;1974年04期

2 膝明柱;陳寧生;;河北東部平原粘土裂隙水區(qū)淺層輻射井結(jié)構(gòu)對比試驗[J];地下水;1984年03期

3 戴呈祥,王慶海;淺層反射波法地震勘探數(shù)據(jù)采集中應注意的幾個問題[J];物探與化探;1989年01期

4 顧欣;張艷梅;黃大衛(wèi);;近50年來黔東南地區(qū)淺層地氣溫差的時空特征分析[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)氣象;2012年01期

5 ;開門辦學 為農(nóng)服務(wù)——古河道與淺層淡水關(guān)系[J];清華北大理工學報;1975年04期

6 鄧希貴,林柏余,劉恒祥;淺層震探在松月水庫壩基軟弱深風化帶邊界圈定中的應用[J];吉林水利;1997年08期

7 鄧軍,黃定華,王慶飛,萬力,楊立強,高幫飛,劉巖;淺層隱伏巖體的數(shù)值預測——剩余空間法例析[J];地質(zhì)學報;2004年06期

8 張基霞;;淺層地面發(fā)生崩塌預測模型及參數(shù)設(shè)定[J];水土保持應用技術(shù);2010年02期

9 呂少偉,唐益群,葉為民;淺層沼氣賦集層中土的工程性質(zhì)淺析[J];上海地質(zhì);1998年03期

10 牟斌;彭海洋;田健;;淺層折射波法地震勘探在山區(qū)地質(zhì)勘察中的應用[J];能源與節(jié)能;2012年06期

相關(guān)會議論文 前6條

1 楊春國;高金耀;金翔龍;;東海淺層剖面特征與沉積過程關(guān)系[A];中國地球物理第二十一屆年會論文集[C];2005年

2 張俊云;楊濤;;地震作用下植被防護邊坡的淺層穩(wěn)定性分析[A];汶川大地震工程震害調(diào)查分析與研究[C];2009年

3 蔡大江;;淺層地震反射法與折射法同步勘測技術(shù)實例分析[A];1995年中國地球物理學會第十一屆學術(shù)年會論文集[C];1995年

4 趙育臺;黃丹青;;淺層巖溶二維地電影像勘探技術(shù)與效果[A];中國地質(zhì)學會工程地質(zhì)專業(yè)委員會、貴州省巖石力學與工程學會2005年學術(shù)年會暨“巖溶·工程·環(huán)境”學術(shù)論壇論文集[C];2005年

5 鐘世航;高金喜;盧汝綏;;陸地聲納法在淺層高分辨率探查中應用二例[A];1997年中國地球物理學會第十三屆學術(shù)年會論文集[C];1997年

6 尹周勛;滕吉文;熊紹柏;;渡口及其鄰近地區(qū)地殼淺層結(jié)構(gòu)的研究[A];中國科學院地球物理研究所論文摘要集（1987）[C];1989年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 通訊員 肖又平;天門農(nóng)民陳懷洲試種淺層藕成功[N];湖北科技報;2006年

2 徐軍偉 劉曉 朱志霞;今年將執(zhí)行嚴格的淺層井管理制度[N];江陰日報;2007年

3 通訊員 譚瑾水 臺懷忠 記者 馬啟孝;河南油田淺層系勘探有突破[N];中國石化報;2000年

4 記者 劉軍邋通訊員 陳林;遼河淺層難動用儲量開發(fā)成為可能[N];中國石油報;2007年

5 趙紅蓉　于銀花;胡7北塊淺層勘探獲突破[N];中國石化報;2010年

6 記者 黃X;新研究試圖解釋:淺層海水停止變暖現(xiàn)象[N];新華每日電訊;2011年

7 武俊鵬;省政府緊急叫停違法淺層采煤采礦[N];山西日報;2008年

8 武俊鵬;山西緊急叫停違法淺層采煤采礦[N];經(jīng)理日報;2008年

9 王秀茹;淺層地熱鉆采技術(shù)可推廣[N];地質(zhì)勘查導報;2006年

10 趙紅梅;淺層微咸水可以直接澆地了[N];河北日報;2007年

相關(guān)博士學位論文 前4條

1 劉弋鋒;基于淺層學習引導深度學習的行人檢測[D];武漢大學;2016年

2 洪嘉琳;淺層電動機械鉆具設(shè)計及其冰屑螺旋輸送理論研究[D];吉林大學;2017年

3 王偉君;利用地震噪聲調(diào)查華北平原場地作用和淺層結(jié)構(gòu)[D];中國科學技術(shù)大學;2012年

4 朱德兵;超淺層彈性波波振二相擬模態(tài)試驗分析理論研究[D];中南大學;2002年

相關(guān)碩士學位論文 前5條

1 胡翔;壓填片石處治四川盆地淺層軟基的試驗研究[D];西南交通大學;2016年

2 張海島;長治盆地淺層孔隙地下水流數(shù)值模擬研究[D];河北工程大學;2017年

3 康國俊;淺層地熱能源工程應用和北京地區(qū)發(fā)展研究分析[D];北京建筑大學;2014年

4 陳勻序;徐州闞山電廠淺層巖溶勘探及處理研究[D];河海大學;2007年

5 賀文文;汶川地震主斷裂反射地震探測淺層資料處理方法研究[D];中國地質(zhì)大學（北京）;2010年

，

本文編號：2178835