【摘要】：梁北礦被國家確認為雙突礦井。主采的二1煤層為典型“三軟”煤層,傾角為8~15°,厚度一般3~6m,平均4.18m,硬度系數(shù)f=0.15~0.25,平均0.18。全層松軟,煤層結構簡單。當前開采水平-550m,煤巷埋深達610~750m,位于軟化臨界深度以下,綜合支護難度系數(shù)超過了1.5~2.0,工程實踐表明煤巷支護難度很大。同時,梁北礦煤體松軟,透氣性差,瓦斯含量高,瓦斯壓力大,地應力大,具有較強的突出危險性,且難抽放。在掘進期間,煤巷防突與瓦斯超限等嚴重影響到煤巷掘進速度,影響到梁北礦采掘接替。本研究主要針對梁北礦深部高瓦斯特軟煤層巷道支護難題開展工作。通過對梁北礦-550m水平11采區(qū)二1煤層巷道圍巖工程地質(zhì)條件、煤巷變形破壞特征與機理研究,綜合考慮瓦斯防突抽放施工和支護穩(wěn)定性,從提高煤巷掘進速度、確保巷道的穩(wěn)定性角度,開展了深部高瓦斯特軟煤層巷道的支護技術研究。研究中引進了新思想、新材料、新工藝、新技術,取得了如下主要成果:1.提出了高凸鋼帶-預應力錨網(wǎng)索耦合支護新技術,開發(fā)了配套的施工工藝技術,并在11采區(qū)煤層試驗巷道工程中取得成功,經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益明顯。2.解決了薄碎巖層強度測試難題,為后續(xù)的工程的分析奠定的堅實的基礎。同時,根據(jù)巖體結構特性,運用最新版Hoek-Brown強度準則確定工程地質(zhì)巖組的強度,以此作為數(shù)值計算分析中參數(shù)值確定的重要參考依據(jù),提高了數(shù)值分析計算結果的可信性。3.劃分了工程地質(zhì)巖組,確定了11采區(qū)煤層巷道的變形力學機制,找出了原支護護條件下煤層巷道變形破壞的主要原因,制定了正確的支護對策,應用高凸鋼帶-預應力錨網(wǎng)索耦合支護新技術,成功地解決了11采區(qū)實體煤巷的穩(wěn)定性控制難題。4.基于低滲透儲層改造的有效途徑是采用卸壓技術的基本思想,從巷道支護穩(wěn)定性和高效抽放協(xié)同作用的角度,對原方案進行了調(diào)整,調(diào)整后的方案使實體煤巷掘進速度由原來的45m/月提高到70m/月以上,解決了梁北礦11采區(qū)煤巷瓦斯防突與超標問題,實現(xiàn)了煤巷的快速掘進。5.把“三軟”煤巷瓦斯治理與巷道支護技術有機結合起來,在巷道掘進瓦斯突的過程中,不破壞巷邊煤層,在此基礎上,對煤幫采取錨網(wǎng)支護,提高煤幫穩(wěn)定性,弱化了底鼓效應。綜合技術的采用,有效地解決了梁北礦高瓦斯軟煤層巷道的快速掘進問題,緩解了采掘接替的壓力。
[Abstract]:Liangbei mine was recognized as a double-burst mine by the state. The second coal seam of main mining is a typical "three soft" coal seam with a dip angle of 815 擄, a thickness of 3 ~ 6 m, an average of 4.18 m, and a hardness coefficient of 0.15 ~ 0.25, with an average of 0.18 m. The whole layer is soft and the coal seam structure is simple. At present, the mining level is -550 m, the depth of coal roadway is 610 ~ 750m, which is below the softening critical depth, and the comprehensive support difficulty coefficient is more than 1.5 ~ 2.0. The engineering practice shows that the coal roadway support is very difficult. At the same time, the coal body of Liangbei Coal Mine is soft, gas permeability is poor, gas content is high, gas pressure is large, ground stress is large, it has strong outburst danger, and it is difficult to drain. During the tunneling period, the outburst prevention and gas outage of coal roadway seriously affect the tunneling speed of coal roadway and the mining replacement of Liangbei Coal Mine. This research mainly aims at the difficult problem of roadway support in deep high gas soft coal seam in Liangbei Coal Mine. Through studying the engineering geological conditions of surrounding rock, deformation and failure characteristics and mechanism of coal roadway in No. 2 coal seam of -550 m level 11 mining area in Liangbei Mine, considering comprehensively the construction of gas outburst drainage and the stability of support, the paper improves the tunneling speed of coal roadway. In order to ensure the stability of roadway, the supporting technology of deep high gas soft seam roadway is studied. New ideas, new materials, new techniques and new technologies have been introduced into the research, and the following main achievements have been achieved: 1. A new technology of coupling support of high convex steel strip with prestressed anchor mesh and cable is put forward, and the matching construction technology is developed. The construction technology is successful in the coal seam test roadway project of 11 mining area, and the economic and social benefits are obvious. 2. It solves the problem of strength testing of thin rock bed and lays a solid foundation for subsequent engineering analysis. At the same time, according to the structural characteristics of rock mass, the strength of engineering geological rock group is determined by the latest version of Hoek-Brown strength criterion, which can be used as an important reference for the determination of parameter value in numerical calculation and analysis, and improves the credibility of the numerical analysis results. The engineering geological rock group is divided, the deformation mechanics mechanism of coal seam roadway in 11 mining area is determined, the main reason of coal seam roadway deformation and failure under the condition of original support and protection is found out, and the correct supporting countermeasure is worked out. By using the new technology of coupling support of high convex steel strip with prestressed anchor mesh and cable, the problem of stability control of coal roadway in 11 mining area has been solved successfully. Based on the basic idea of pressure relief technology, this paper adjusts the original scheme from the angle of roadway support stability and high efficiency drainage synergy, based on the effective way of low permeability reservoir reconstruction. The adjusted scheme increases the driving speed of solid coal roadway from the original 45m/ month to above 70m/ month, solves the problem of gas outburst prevention and over-standard in coal roadway in 11 mining area of Liangbei Mine, and realizes the rapid tunneling of coal roadway .5. Combining the gas treatment of "three soft" coal roadways with the roadway support technology organically, the coal seam beside the roadway is not destroyed in the process of roadway driving gas outburst. On this basis, the bolting net support is adopted to improve the stability of the coal side. The effect of bottom drum is weakened. The adoption of comprehensive technology has effectively solved the problem of rapid excavation of high gas soft coal seam roadway in Liangbei Coal Mine and alleviated the pressure of mining replacement.
【學位授予單位】：河南理工大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TD353

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