【摘要】：我國是煤炭需求大國,在煤層采掘之前能準(zhǔn)確地探測待采掘煤層的地質(zhì)構(gòu)造情況非常重要,這既能知道煤礦的大致分布情況,也能預(yù)測煤礦是否具有突水等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危險(xiǎn)。探測煤礦地質(zhì)情況一般采用跨孔電阻率CT探測方式,礦井下常規(guī)跨孔電阻率CT檢測儀普遍存在采集數(shù)據(jù)量少、對微弱信號(hào)抗干擾能力差、數(shù)據(jù)采集動(dòng)態(tài)范圍小、分辨率低等特點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致反演結(jié)果不準(zhǔn)確。針對常規(guī)跨孔電阻率CT檢測儀的不足,設(shè)計(jì)一款新型跨孔電阻率CT檢測儀。本儀器可以大動(dòng)態(tài)范圍的采集數(shù)據(jù),能自適應(yīng)的對信號(hào)進(jìn)行處理,通過發(fā)射偽隨機(jī)信號(hào)和設(shè)計(jì)工頻限波電路有效地限制了工頻干擾,能自動(dòng)切換電極,并行采集數(shù)據(jù),效率高,且采集數(shù)據(jù)量大,精度高,使得反演結(jié)果更準(zhǔn)確。經(jīng)過去礦井實(shí)地測試,結(jié)果表明本儀器具有操作簡單、性能穩(wěn)定、分辨率高等特點(diǎn),反演出的電阻率剖面圖能真實(shí)地反映實(shí)際地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)。論文主要完成了以下工作:1、論文介紹電阻率探測的基本原理及正反演算法,針對電阻率反演的非線性特性,選用高斯牛頓法,能較好的對電阻率資料進(jìn)行解釋。2、對比分析傳統(tǒng)儀器的數(shù)據(jù)采集方式和本儀器數(shù)據(jù)采集方式的特點(diǎn),提出了硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)方案,設(shè)計(jì)了發(fā)射電路、電源電路、數(shù)據(jù)采集電路、電極轉(zhuǎn)換電路、核心控制電路。3、系統(tǒng)軟件分為數(shù)據(jù)采集和數(shù)據(jù)處理兩大部分,數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件與主控機(jī)之間通過以太網(wǎng)口通信,主控機(jī)與從機(jī)之間通過SPI總線通信,保證數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)目煽啃?自定義通信協(xié)議,保證控制的靈活性,封裝API接口,方便后續(xù)的修改和維護(hù),數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件界面采用C#編寫,算法部分基于MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)。4、測試儀器的各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)來驗(yàn)證儀器的可靠性,并根據(jù)煤礦實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)反演出的電阻率剖面圖能較為真實(shí)地反映地質(zhì)構(gòu)造情況。
[Abstract]:China is a large country in coal demand, it is very important to accurately detect the geological structure of coal seam before coal seam excavation, which can not only know the general distribution of coal mine, but also predict whether the coal mine has geological hazards such as water inrush. In order to detect the geological condition of coal mine, the transpore resistivity CT detection method is generally adopted. The conventional CT detector of the cross-hole resistivity under the mine generally has less data acquisition data, poor anti-interference ability to weak signals, and small dynamic range of data acquisition. Because of the low resolution, the inversion result is not accurate. A new type of transpore resistivity CT detector is designed to overcome the shortage of conventional CT detector. The instrument can collect data in a large dynamic range and process the signal adaptively. By transmitting pseudorandom signal and designing power frequency limiting circuit, the power frequency interference can be effectively limited, the electrode can be automatically switched, the data can be collected in parallel, and the efficiency is high. Moreover, the retrieval results are more accurate because of the large amount of data collected and the high accuracy. The results show that the instrument has the characteristics of simple operation, stable performance, high resolution and so on. The resistivity profile can truly reflect the actual geological structure. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. This paper introduces the basic principle of resistivity detection and the forward and inverse algorithms. According to the nonlinear characteristics of resistivity inversion, Gao Si Newton method is used. Can better explain the resistivity data. 2. Compare and analyze the characteristics of the traditional instrument data acquisition method and the data acquisition mode of this instrument, put forward the hardware system design project, design the transmitting circuit, power supply circuit, data acquisition circuit, The system software is divided into two parts: data acquisition and data processing. The communication between the data acquisition software and the master computer is via Ethernet port, and the communication between the master computer and slave computer is via SPI bus. To ensure the reliability of data transmission, self-defined communication protocol, ensure the flexibility of control, encapsulate the API interface, facilitate the subsequent modification and maintenance, the data processing software interface is written in C #. The algorithm is based on the implementation of MATLAB. 4. The performance index of the test instrument is used to verify the reliability of the instrument, and the resistivity profile can reflect the geological structure more truthfully according to the measured data of coal mine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：桂林電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD163.1;TD15

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