【摘要】：拖曳式海洋可控源電磁發(fā)射機(jī)是海洋電磁勘探儀器中的重要裝備之一。將發(fā)射機(jī)激發(fā)的交流大電流與接收機(jī)采集的電磁場數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合,進(jìn)行處理解釋后可得到海底以下淺層電阻率結(jié)構(gòu)。在國外,海洋可控源電磁法及儀器設(shè)備的研究與實(shí)際應(yīng)用已經(jīng)日趨成熟,而國內(nèi)也對這個(gè)領(lǐng)域開展了深入研究,但是仍具有一定的局限性,如發(fā)射電流小、探測深度淺、作業(yè)效率低等問題,阻礙了我國海底深部復(fù)雜地質(zhì)構(gòu)造的進(jìn)一步勘查。本論文著重研究發(fā)射機(jī)的控制技術(shù),該技術(shù)的研發(fā)以127國家專項(xiàng)項(xiàng)目——天然氣水合物資源勘查與試采工程為依托。整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)從硬件和軟件兩個(gè)角度劃分,硬件主要包括主控、電流、電源與通信接口四個(gè)模塊,軟件主要包括高精度同步程序、500A級電流變頻發(fā)射控制與監(jiān)測程序、電流計(jì)數(shù)采集存儲程序三個(gè)部分。主控模塊結(jié)合了高精度同步程序、500A級電流變頻發(fā)射控制與監(jiān)測程序,利用ARM處理器控制CPLD進(jìn)行對鐘同步,監(jiān)測環(huán)境變量,同時(shí)產(chǎn)生單頻或混頻信號,驅(qū)動IGBT逆變模塊產(chǎn)生500A級電流波形;電流模塊結(jié)合電流計(jì)數(shù)采集存儲程序,通過霍爾電流傳感器采集電流信號,經(jīng)模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后,利用采樣脈沖進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,并為數(shù)據(jù)加上時(shí)間標(biāo)簽,同時(shí)通過USB接口芯片控制U盤實(shí)時(shí)存儲數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)了電流采集、絕對時(shí)間標(biāo)簽和實(shí)時(shí)存儲等多個(gè)功能;電源模塊控制12V與24V鋰電池的電壓轉(zhuǎn)換,將弱電控制與強(qiáng)電運(yùn)行進(jìn)行有效隔離;通信接口模塊整合多個(gè)接口,連接光纖收發(fā)器,在甲板上位機(jī)與水下發(fā)射機(jī)之間進(jìn)行萬米纜的光纖傳輸。應(yīng)用拖曳式500A級海洋可控源電磁發(fā)射控制技術(shù)的發(fā)射機(jī),通過多次室內(nèi)測試與海洋試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證了該技術(shù)的實(shí)用性和可靠性。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,該技術(shù)的各項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)基本達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求,為提高海底水合物的探測精度、增強(qiáng)儀器的穩(wěn)定性提供新思路和新方法,對我國海底深部資源勘探技術(shù)的發(fā)展具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Towed marine controllable source electromagnetic transmitter is one of the important equipment in marine electromagnetic exploration instruments. By combining the high AC current excited by the transmitter with the electromagnetic field data collected by the receiver, the shallow resistivity structure under the sea floor can be obtained by processing and interpreting. In foreign countries, the research and practical application of ocean controllable source electromagnetic method and instruments have become more and more mature, but the domestic research on this field has been carried out in depth, but it still has some limitations, such as small emission current, shallow detection depth. The low operational efficiency hinders the further exploration of the complex geological structures in the deep seabed of China. This paper focuses on the control technology of the transmitter. The research and development of the technology is based on the 127 national special project natural gas hydrate exploration and production test. The whole design is divided into two aspects: hardware and software. The hardware includes four modules: main control, current, power supply and communication interface. Current count acquisition and storage program three parts. The main control module combines the high-precision synchronization program ( A) with the current frequency conversion emission control and monitoring program, and uses the ARM processor to control the CPLD to synchronize the clock, monitor the environmental variables, and produce single frequency or mixed frequency signals at the same time. Driving IGBT inverter module to generate 500A class current waveform, current module combined with current count acquisition and storage program, through Hall current sensor to collect current signal, after analog-to-digital conversion, using sampling pulse for data acquisition, At the same time, the USB interface chip controls the U disk to store the data in real time, which realizes the functions of current acquisition, absolute time label and real-time storage, and the power module controls the voltage conversion between 12V and 24V lithium battery. The weak current control is effectively isolated from the strong electricity operation, and the communication interface module integrates several interfaces to connect the optical fiber transceiver, and the optical fiber transmission of ten thousand meters cable is carried out between the upper deck computer and the underwater transmitter. The transmitter with towed 500A class marine controllable source electromagnetic emission control technology is used to verify the practicability and reliability of this technology through many indoor and ocean tests. According to the experimental results, the technical specifications of this technology basically meet the design requirements, which provides a new way and method for improving the detection accuracy of submarine hydrate and enhancing the stability of the instrument. It is of great significance to the development of deep seabed resources exploration technology in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P631.325

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