【摘要】：礦業(yè)生產(chǎn)活動產(chǎn)生了大量的尾礦廢棄物。目前尾礦中高濃度的重金屬已經(jīng)成為土壤環(huán)境重金屬污染的重要來源,直接或者間接地危害動植物和人類的生命健康。本研究從廢棄尾礦長期堆放現(xiàn)狀導(dǎo)致的重金屬污染問題出發(fā),以治理尾礦重金屬污染為基本目標(biāo),在查閱大量相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和利用環(huán)境化學(xué)等學(xué)科知識的基礎(chǔ)上,以鳳縣安河流域鉛鋅尾礦為研究對象,調(diào)查了鉛鋅尾礦和周圍耐性植物重金屬含量狀況,并評價了鉛鋅尾礦的污染狀況。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過柱淋洗和BCR的方法評價了2種常用的鈍化劑-氧化鈣和竹炭在鉛鋅尾礦重金屬污染治理上的實(shí)際效果。主要得出了以下結(jié)論:1.鉛鋅尾礦中重金屬Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量較大,分別為131、3332、4474和140mg/kg。周邊藎草的地上部分Zn含量較高,為683 mg/kg。中國繁縷的地上部分Pb和Zn含量都較高,分別為757和702 mg/kg�？勺鳛闈撛诘耐寥乐亟饘傩迯�(fù)植物。2.通過潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法評價鳳縣安河流域鉛鋅尾礦對環(huán)境造成的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)鉛鋅尾礦中重金屬Zn對環(huán)境有中等的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),重金屬Cd和Pb會對環(huán)境存在極強(qiáng)的生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn),鉛鋅尾礦的綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)為6673,表現(xiàn)為極強(qiáng),亟需治理。3.柱淋洗實(shí)驗(yàn)中鉛鋅尾礦淋出液的pH一般在7.88~8.89之間,添加1%氧化鈣作為鈍化劑的B柱淋出液的pH卻大大不同,在12.80~13.03之間。4.使用氧化鈣作為鈍化劑的鉛鋅尾礦淋洗實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,河水對于重金屬的溶出效果好于酸雨和去離子水。使用竹炭作為鈍化劑的鉛鋅尾礦淋洗實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,河水和酸雨的重金屬溶出效果好于蒸餾水。5.通過淋溶實(shí)驗(yàn)和BCR實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了添加1%氧化鈣作穩(wěn)定化處理的鉛鋅尾礦樣,發(fā)現(xiàn)氧化鈣對重金屬Cd和Zn有較好的鈍化效果,對重金屬Cu和Pb穩(wěn)定化能力較差。6.通過淋溶實(shí)驗(yàn)和BCR實(shí)驗(yàn)分析了添加1%竹炭作穩(wěn)定化處理的鉛鋅尾礦樣,發(fā)現(xiàn)竹炭對重金屬Cd、Pb和Zn有較好的穩(wěn)定化作用,對鉛鋅尾礦中的Cu穩(wěn)定化能力較差。
[Abstract]:Mining activities produce a large amount of tailings waste. At present, the high concentration of heavy metals in tailings has become an important source of heavy metal pollution in soil environment, which directly or indirectly endangers the life and health of animals and plants and human beings. Based on the problem of heavy metal pollution caused by the long-term stacking of waste tailings, the basic goal of this study is to control the heavy metal pollution of tailings, on the basis of consulting a large number of relevant documents and utilizing the knowledge of environmental chemistry, etc. Taking lead and zinc tailings in Anhe Valley of Fengxian County as the research object, the contents of heavy metals in lead and zinc tailings and their surrounding tolerant plants were investigated, and the pollution status of lead and zinc tailings was evaluated. On this basis, the practical effects of two common passivators, calcium oxide and bamboo charcoal, on the treatment of heavy metal pollution in lead-zinc tailings were evaluated by column elution and BCR. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The contents of Pb and CD in the tailings of lead and zinc are 131C 3332N 4474 and 140 mg / kg respectively. The content of Zn in the aboveground part was higher, which was 683 mg / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路m ~ (-1). The contents of Pb and Zn in the aboveground parts of Zoysia japonica were 757 and 702 mg / kg, respectively. It can be used as a potential soil heavy metal remediation plant. The potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the impact of lead and zinc tailings on the environment in Anhe basin of Fengxian County. It was found that the heavy metal Zn in lead and zinc tailings had moderate ecological risk to the environment, and CD and Pb had a strong ecological risk to the environment. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of lead-zinc tailings is 6673, which is very strong and needs to be treated urgently. In the column elution experiment, the pH of the leaching solution of lead-zinc tailings was generally between 7.88 and 8.89, but the pH of the B-column leaching solution with 1% calcium oxide as passivating agent was significantly different, ranging from 12.80 to 13.03. The leaching experiment of lead-zinc tailings using calcium oxide as passivating agent shows that the leaching effect of river water on heavy metals is better than acid rain and deionized water. The leaching experiment of lead-zinc tailings using bamboo charcoal as passivating agent showed that the leaching effect of heavy metals in river water and acid rain was better than that in distilled water .5. The samples of lead-zinc tailings treated with 1% calcium oxide as stabilizer were analyzed by leaching and BCR experiments. It was found that calcium oxide had a better passivation effect on heavy metals CD and Zn, and a poor stabilizability of Cu and Pb. The lead-zinc tailings treated with 1% bamboo charcoal as stabilizer were analyzed by leaching experiments and BCR experiments. It was found that bamboo charcoal had a good stabilizing effect on heavy metals CD, Pb and Zn, but not on Cu in lead-zinc tailings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X82;X753

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