【摘要】：地下開采中接觸帶復(fù)合巖體非協(xié)調(diào)變形導(dǎo)致巷道出現(xiàn)廣泛的剪切破壞和局部冒落，同時(shí)松軟破碎接觸帶頂板采場(chǎng)易產(chǎn)生大面積頂板冒落，不僅構(gòu)成礦山開采的重大安全隱患，也極大降低了開采效率。現(xiàn)有的接觸帶巖體控制理論和技術(shù)無法有效解釋和控制接觸帶巖體的非協(xié)調(diào)變形破壞，嚴(yán)重制約了地下礦山的大規(guī)模高效開采。為尋求接觸帶復(fù)合巖體的有效處理方法，實(shí)現(xiàn)接觸帶巷道和采場(chǎng)的安全高效運(yùn)行，論文采用巖石力學(xué)試驗(yàn)、理論分析、相似試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試驗(yàn)等手段，系統(tǒng)研究了接觸帶復(fù)合巖體的力學(xué)特性和地下開采工程的穩(wěn)定性問題。 （1）進(jìn)行了接觸帶復(fù)合巖樣的單軸壓縮試驗(yàn)，獲取了不同接觸角復(fù)合巖樣的破壞和強(qiáng)度變化特征；從微觀角度分析了具有不同變形特征的巖石材料在接觸面上的應(yīng)變協(xié)調(diào)及橫向約束應(yīng)力，構(gòu)建了接觸帶復(fù)合巖體宏觀非協(xié)調(diào)變形下的強(qiáng)度模型，可以有效解釋單軸壓縮試驗(yàn)中接觸帶復(fù)合巖樣的強(qiáng)度變化特征。建立了考慮初始損傷和蠕變損傷的巖石蠕變模型，推導(dǎo)出接觸帶復(fù)合巖體非協(xié)調(diào)蠕變次生約束應(yīng)力同巖石力學(xué)參數(shù)、載荷和時(shí)間的關(guān)系式，揭示了復(fù)合巖體次生約束應(yīng)力和強(qiáng)度的時(shí)間效應(yīng)特征。 （2）借助數(shù)值模擬和相似試驗(yàn)，系統(tǒng)分析了接觸帶力學(xué)性質(zhì)、接觸帶產(chǎn)狀、地應(yīng)力等因素對(duì)接觸帶巷道非協(xié)調(diào)變形及次生剪應(yīng)力分布特征的影響�；趶椝苄粤W(xué)理論，研究了接觸帶巖體非協(xié)調(diào)變形對(duì)巷道塑性松動(dòng)區(qū)的影響。歸納總結(jié)出接觸帶巖體非協(xié)調(diào)變形導(dǎo)致的強(qiáng)度降低、次生剪應(yīng)力集中和塑性松動(dòng)圈擴(kuò)大是接觸帶巷道易發(fā)生失穩(wěn)破壞的主要原因。 （3）基于斷裂力學(xué)理論，建立了接觸帶巷道非協(xié)調(diào)變形形成的剪應(yīng)力環(huán)境下單個(gè)裂隙的擴(kuò)展判據(jù)、擴(kuò)展方向及擴(kuò)展深度函數(shù)，模擬了裂隙組擴(kuò)展、貫通、連通自由面、最終形成自由塊體冒落的力學(xué)動(dòng)態(tài)過程，揭示出接觸帶巷道非協(xié)調(diào)變形破壞機(jī)理，有效解釋了典型接觸帶巷道的失穩(wěn)破壞特征。 （4）提出基于協(xié)調(diào)變形的接觸帶巷道穩(wěn)定性控制思路，形成了以X抗剪支護(hù)、非對(duì)稱支護(hù)和非均勻分布預(yù)應(yīng)力支護(hù)為特征的接觸帶巷道非均勻過渡支護(hù)模式，進(jìn)一步建立了適應(yīng)圍巖應(yīng)力及變形分布的非均勻支護(hù)參數(shù)確定方法，，降低了接觸帶巷道的非協(xié)調(diào)變形及次生剪應(yīng)力集中，有效減少了原巖裂隙剪切滑移擴(kuò)展導(dǎo)致的圍巖整體失穩(wěn)破壞。 （5）開發(fā)了適用于松軟接觸帶頂板礦床的預(yù)切頂連續(xù)條帶開采廢石尾砂充填采礦方法，形成了生產(chǎn)能力最大化的安全開采條帶寬度確定方法，提出了尾砂柔性接頂?shù)膹?fù)合充填體卸壓技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)松軟接觸帶頂板處理-礦石開采-充填協(xié)同高效進(jìn)行。 研究成果揭示了接觸帶復(fù)合巖體在非協(xié)調(diào)變形下的力學(xué)特性，形成了接觸帶巷道和采場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定性控制的有效方法，為地下開采中接觸帶復(fù)合巖體的高效處理提供了基礎(chǔ)理論和應(yīng)用技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:The non coordinated deformation of the composite rock mass in underground mining leads to the extensive shear failure and local caving in the roadway, and the roof caving in the roof of the soft broken contact belt is easy to produce large area roof caving, which not only constitutes a major safety hidden danger in mine mining, but also greatly reduces the efficiency of mining. The existing theory and technology of rock mass control in contact belt. The uncoordinated deformation and failure of the rock mass in contact zone can not be effectively explained and controlled, which seriously restricts the large-scale and efficient mining of underground mines. In order to find the effective treatment method for the contact belt complex rock mass, the safe and efficient operation of the contact roadway and stope is realized. The paper adopts the rock mechanics test, the theoretical analysis, the similar test, the numerical simulation and the present. Field tests and other means have systematically studied the mechanical characteristics of the contact zone composite rock mass and the stability of underground mining engineering.
(1) the uniaxial compression test of the contact belt composite rock samples was carried out, and the damage and strength change characteristics of the composite rock samples with different contact angles were obtained, and the strain coordination and lateral confinement stress on the contact surface were analyzed from the microscopic angle, and the strength of the contact zone composite rock mass under macroscopic uncoordinated deformation was established. The degree model can effectively explain the strength change characteristics of the contact zone composite rock in the uniaxial compression test. A rock creep model considering the initial damage and creep damage is established, and the relationship between the non coordinated creep stress and the rock mechanics parameters, the load and the time is deduced. The characteristics of the time effect of the beam stress and strength.
(2) with the help of numerical simulation and similar test, the influence of the mechanical properties of the contact zone, the contact zone production and the ground stress on the characteristics of the non coordinated deformation and the secondary shear stress distribution in the contact zone are systematically analyzed. Based on the elastoplastic mechanics theory, the influence of the uncoordinated deformation of the contact rock mass on the plastic loose zone in the roadway is studied. The main cause of instability failure in contact zone is that the strength of the contact zone is reduced, the secondary shear stress concentration and the plastic loose circle are enlarged.
(3) based on the theory of fracture mechanics, the extension criterion, expansion direction and extended depth function of the single crack under the shear stress environment formed by the non coordinated deformation of the contact belt roadway are established. The dynamic process of the fracture group expansion, penetration and connecting free surface is simulated, and the dynamic dynamic process of the free mass caving is formed, and the uncoordinated deformation of the contact tunnel is revealed. The mechanism of failure can effectively explain the failure characteristics of typical contact roadway.
(4) the stability control method of contact belt Roadway Based on coordinated deformation is proposed, and a non-uniform transition support model with X shear support, asymmetric support and non uniform distribution prestressed support is formed, and the non uniform support parameter determination method adapting to the stress and deformation distribution of surrounding rock is further established, and the contact is reduced. The non-conforming deformation and the secondary shear stress concentration along the roadway effectively reduce the overall instability and failure of the surrounding rock caused by the shear slip propagation of the original rock fracture.
(5) a pre cut top continuous strip mining tailings filling mining method suitable for the roof of the soft contact belt is developed, and a method for determining the width of a safe mining strip with maximum production capacity is formed, and a composite filling pressure unloading technique for the flexible joint top of the tailings is put forward to realize the roof treatment of the soft contact zone, the ore mining and filling synergistic height. Effect is done.
The research results reveal the mechanical properties of the contact belt composite rock under uncoordinated deformation, and form an effective method for the stability control of the contact belt and stope, which provides the basic theory and the application technical support for the high efficiency treatment of the contact zone complex rock mass in the underground mining.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TD803

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