【摘要】：在近距離煤層開采過程中,當(dāng)上層煤回采完畢及頂板垮落后,上層煤開采過程中所留設(shè)的煤柱會在煤層底板產(chǎn)生應(yīng)力集中,且底板的應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律發(fā)生變化,直接影響到下部煤層頂板的完整性。下層煤在開采過程中,回采巷道圍巖壓力大、頂板穩(wěn)定性差,導(dǎo)致巷道變形破壞嚴(yán)重,支護(hù)困難。因此,針對近距離煤層中下層煤的應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律、下層煤不同位置巷道的圍巖壓力、破壞特征及穩(wěn)定性控制的研究具有理論和應(yīng)用意義。本文以嘉樂泉煤礦8#、9#近距離煤層開采為研究背景,結(jié)合理論分析、數(shù)值模擬及工程應(yīng)用等方法,對近距離煤層的礦壓分布規(guī)律、下層煤不同位置巷道的變形破壞特征和巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性控制進(jìn)行研究,主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)利用滑移線場理論對上部煤層開采對其下部巖層所產(chǎn)生的擾動影響規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析,得到上層煤開采對下部巖層的最大破壞深度計(jì)算方法。結(jié)合嘉樂泉煤礦實(shí)際地質(zhì)條件,計(jì)算、分析得出該礦采空區(qū)下不同深度巖層應(yīng)力分布規(guī)律。結(jié)果顯示:下層煤受上覆煤層開采擾動影響最大的是垂直應(yīng)力;煤柱及其兩側(cè)5m范圍內(nèi)的下部巖層的垂直應(yīng)力大于原巖應(yīng)力,煤柱中心處為最大值,煤柱兩側(cè)5m以外的下部巖層垂直應(yīng)力小于原巖應(yīng)力。(2)隨著煤柱下的巖層與上層煤柱間距的縮小,巖層的垂直應(yīng)力增大明顯,最大達(dá)到16MPa,是原巖應(yīng)力的2.56倍。巷道開挖后,圍巖水平應(yīng)力和剪切應(yīng)力變化較小,但垂直應(yīng)力明顯升高,增大1.4~1.7倍,巷道圍巖應(yīng)力集中現(xiàn)象明顯;采空區(qū)下巷道圍巖最大垂直應(yīng)力為9MPa,煤柱下巷道圍巖最大垂直應(yīng)力達(dá)到25MPa。(3)下層煤中位于采空區(qū)下方的巷道受上覆采空區(qū)卸壓影響,巷道兩幫和兩肩處所受圍巖壓力減緩,巷道圍巖剪切破壞范圍較小,巷道整體穩(wěn)定性較好。但位于煤柱下的下層煤巷道開挖后,受煤柱應(yīng)力集中影響,巷道圍巖剪切破壞范圍明顯增大,巷道變形破壞嚴(yán)重,尤其巷道兩肩圍巖剪切裂隙發(fā)育,頂板下沉量較大。(4)在圍巖分布規(guī)律和巷道穩(wěn)定性分析的基礎(chǔ)上,對嘉樂泉煤礦煤柱下巷道支護(hù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。工程應(yīng)用與監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示,巷道頂?shù)装寮皟蓭妥冃瘟慷加忻黠@減小,錨索受力范圍合理,巷道剪切破壞區(qū)域減小,表明巷道優(yōu)化方案取得良好支護(hù)效果,保證了巷道在使用期間的安全和穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:In the process of close distance coal seam mining, when the upper coal mining is finished and the roof collapses behind, the coal pillars left in the upper coal mining process will produce stress concentration in the coal seam floor, and the stress distribution law of the floor will change. It directly affects the integrity of the lower coal seam roof. In the mining process of the lower coal, the surrounding rock pressure of the mining roadway is high and the roof stability is poor, which leads to the serious deformation and destruction of the roadway and the difficulty of supporting. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to study the stress distribution law of the coal in the middle and lower coal layers, the surrounding rock pressure, failure characteristics and stability control of the roadway in different positions of the lower coal seam. In this paper, based on the research background of Jialequan Coal Mine No. 8 #yun9# coal seam mining, combined with theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and engineering application, the distribution law of coal pressure in the near distance coal seam is studied. The deformation and failure characteristics of roadway in different positions of lower coal and the stability control of roadway surrounding rock are studied. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the influence law of disturbance caused by mining of upper coal seam on rock layer under coal seam is analyzed by using slip line field theory. The method of calculating the maximum damage depth of upper coal mining to the lower strata is obtained. Combined with the actual geological conditions of Jialequan Coal Mine, the stress distribution law of different depths in the goaf is obtained by calculation. The results show that the vertical stress of the lower coal is the most affected by the mining disturbance of the overlying coal seam, the vertical stress of the lower strata within 5 m of the pillar and its two sides is greater than that of the original rock, and the maximum value is at the center of the coal pillar. The vertical stress of the lower strata beyond 5m on both sides of the coal pillar is smaller than that of the original rock. (2) with the reduction of the distance between the strata under the pillar and the upper coal pillar, the vertical stress of the strata increases obviously, reaching the maximum of 16 MPA, which is 2.56 times of the original rock stress. After excavation, the horizontal stress and shear stress of the surrounding rock change little, but the vertical stress increases obviously, and increases by 1.4 to 1.7 times, and the stress concentration in the surrounding rock of the roadway is obvious. The maximum vertical stress of roadway surrounding rock under goaf is 9 MPA, and the maximum vertical stress of surrounding rock under coal pillar is up to 25 MPA. (3) the roadway below the goaf in the lower coal is affected by the pressure relief of overlying goaf, and the pressure of surrounding rock at two sides and two shoulders of roadway is reduced. The shear failure range of surrounding rock is small and the overall stability of roadway is better. However, after the lower coal roadway is excavated under the coal pillar, the shear failure range of the surrounding rock of the roadway increases obviously, especially the shear fracture of the surrounding rock on the two shoulders of the roadway is developed, especially the shear fracture of the surrounding rock on the two shoulders of the roadway. (4) based on the analysis of the distribution of surrounding rock and the stability of roadway, the parameters of roadway support under coal pillar in Jialequan coal mine are optimized. The engineering application and monitoring results show that the deformation of the roof and floor and the two sides of the roadway are obviously reduced, the stress range of anchor cable is reasonable, and the shear failure area of roadway is reduced, which indicates that the optimized roadway scheme has achieved good support effect. It ensures the safety and stability of roadway during use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD322.4;TD353

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